А 1 г i f ж дапI да <0 > > % £ 666 •.**• k>>? % % >j ЛИНГВОТРЕНАЖЕР ENGLISH Ю.С. ГУРИКОВА •ц< (S^bxnd £ ВРЕМЕНЯ ГЛАГОЛОВ |_-©П_^ОГ А да гГЯ Lord on. * I© rr i4/Xa И- Серия «Лингвотренажер English» Ю. С. Гурикова Времена глаголов Ростов-на-Дону «Феникс» 2017 УДК 811.111(075) ББК81.2Англ-9 КТК8032 Г95 Г95 Гурикова Ю. С. Времена глаголов / Ю. С. Гурикова. — Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2017. — 63 с. — (Лингвотренажер English). ISBN 978-5-222-28236-6 Понимание правил образования временных форм и знание контекста, в кото­ ром необходимо использовать ту или иную форму, поможет изучающему англий­ ский язык сдать тест или зачет, написать связный текст. Но для того, чтобы выбор формы глагола происходил автоматически, мгновенно, одновременно с формиро­ ванием мысли, а значит, и устной речи, нужно сформировать навык, набить руку, привыкнуть к языку и изменить сам способ мышления. Только практика, то есть выполнение упражнений и живое общение на языке, способна помочь достичь подобного результата. Каждый урок состоит из объяснения, примеров употребления времен и зада­ ний. Задания ориентированы на постоянное повторение изученного в предыдущих уроках материала. Это позволяет закрепить полученные знания и довести навык употребления времен до автоматизма. Пособие предназначено для широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский язык самостоятельно, а также может быть ис­ пользовано в школе. УДК 811.111 (075) ББК 81.2АНГЛ-9 Популярное издание Гурикова Юлия Сергеевна Времена глаголов Ответственный редактор Выпускающий редактор Технический редактор Компьютерная вёрстка: Нана Бажунаишвили Галина Логвинова Юлия Давыдова Елена Калитина Формат 70x100/16. Бумага офсетная. Тираж 3000 экз. Зак. №3803. ООО «Феникс» 344011, Россия, Ростовская обл., г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Варфоломеева, 150. Тел./факс: (863) 261 -89-50,261 -89-59 Сайт издательства: www.phoenixrostov.ru Интернет-магазин: www.phoenixbooks.ru Изготовлено в России. Дата изготовления: 02.2017. Изготовитель: ООО «ПЕЧАТНОЕ ДЕЛО» Юр. адрес: 127055, Россия, г. Москва, пер. Вадковский, д. 12, офис 40. Факт. Адрес: 142300, Россия, Московская обл., г. Чехов, ул. Полиграфистов, 1. ISBN 978-5-222-28236-6 © Ю.С. Гурикова, текст, 2016 © ООО «Феникс», оформление, 2016 Contents Глагол To Be. Быть, находиться, существовать, иметься.. 4 Present Simple Tense. Настоящее простое время.............. 7 Present Continuous/Progressive Tense. Настоящее длительное/продолженное время................... 11 Present Simple Tense vs. Present Continuous Tense.......... 14 Present Perfect Tense. Настоящее совершенное время.. 17 Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Настоящее совершенное длительное время................... 22 Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous................... 25 Past Simple Tense. Прошедшее простое время................ 26 Past Simple vs. Present Perfect.............................................. 29 Past Perfect Tense. Прошедшее совершенное время..... 34 Past Simple vs. Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect................ 37 Future Simple. Будущее простое время...............................41 Future Continuous/Progressive Tense. Будущее длительное время.................................................................. 44 Future Perfect Tense. Будущее совершенное время.......46 Future Perfect Continuous. Будущее совершенное длительное время.................................................................. 48 Ключи........................................................................................ 50 Список неправильных глаголов........................................... 61 Глагол То Be Быть, находиться, существовать, иметься лагол to be заслуживает отдельного внимания, поскольку по­ стоянно употребляется в самых различных ситуациях и при этом изменяется и используется в предложении особенным об­ разом. Глагол to be значит «находиться, быть». В русском языке в на­ стоящем времени мы опускаем глагол «быть» в предложениях. В прошедшем времени в русском языке этот глагол сохраняется. Например: I am at home. — Я дома. I am in the park. — Я в парке. I was at home. — Я был дома. I will be in the park. — Я буду в парке. Иногда глагол to be служит связкой между подлежащим и прилагательным, выступающим в роли сказуемого. Например: She is beautiful. — Она красивая. She was funny. — Она была смешной. She will be clever. — Она будет умной. Изучите приведённые ниже таблицы, чтобы понять, как строятся предложения с глаголом to be. Г Настоящее простое время Present Simple Tense Утверждение Полная форма I ат You аге Не is She is It is We are They are Краткая форма I’m You’re He’s She’s It’s We’re They’re Отрицание Полная форма Краткая форма I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not They are not I’m not You aren’t He isn’t She isn’t It isn’t We aren’t They aren’t Вопрос Am I...? Are you...? Is he...? Is she...? Is it...? Are we...? Are they...? Прошедшее простое время Past Simple Tense Отрицание Вопрос Утверждение I was You were He was She was It was We were They were Полная форма Краткая форма I was not You were not He was not She was not It was not We were not They were not I wasn’t You weren’t He wasn’t She wasn’t It wasn’t We weren’t They weren’t Was I...? Were you...? Was he...? Was she...? Was it...? Were we...? Were they...? Будущее простое время Future Simple Tense Отрицание Утверждение I will be You will be He will be She will be It will be We will be They will be Полная форма Краткая форма I will not be You will not be He will not be She will not be It will not be We will not be They will not be I won’t be You won’t be He won’t be She won’t be It won’t be We won’t be They won’t be Вопрос Will I be...? Will you be...? Will he be...? Will she be...? Will it be...? Will we be...? Will they be...? Exercise 1. Постройте отрицания из данных предложений. Например: Му mug is green. — Му mug isn’t green. 1. This is my house. 2. Angelica is a good singer. 3. You are amaz­ ing. 4. They are my classmates. 5. Luke is 5 years old. 6. Phoebe is from Australia. 7. The dinner is on the table. 8. You are my friend. 9. My birthday is on the 10th of April. 10. Winter is hot. Exercise 2. Постройте вопросы из данных предложений. Например: Му dog’s name is Rax. — Is your dog’s name Rax? 1. This is your brother. 2. The car is red. 3. It’s Thursday today. 4. He was very angry yesterday. 5. The meeting will be tomorrow in the morning. 6. I will be at home at 5 p.m. 7. They were happy to see you. 8. He was wrong. 9. You are right. 10. It’s 10 o’clock. ------------- / f I ------------- 1 X 1 MOTE Exercise 3. Вставьте глагол to be в правильной форме. 1.1 ... at the cinema yesterday. The film ... good. 2. Where ... you now? 3.1... busy tomorrow. 4. Tom ... cute when he ... a child. 5. She ... not happy to see me last Monday. 6. They ... here in five minutes. 7. Let’s go to some cafe. I... very hungry. 8. Where ... you ... tomorrow? 9. He ... a very good person. 10. They ... my best friends. r — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — П I Глагол to be используется, чтобы построить немало полезных | I выражений. Например: I ( to be afraid — бояться; ( to be glad — быть довольным, радоваться; 1 I am glad — Я рад; 1 * to be hungry — быть голодным, хотеть есть; 1 I to be thirsty — хотеть пить; I I to be ill/sick — болеть; I I to be ready for smth. — быть готовым к чему-то; | I to belate for smth. — опаздывать; I I to besorry — сожалеть; , ( to besure of — быть уверенным; ? to be mistaken — ошибаться; I! ’ • I to be surprised at — удивляться; 1 to beangry with smb. — сердится на кого-то; 1 I to be busy with smth. — быть занятым чем-то; I I to befond of — увлекаться; I I to beinterested in — интересоваться; I I to be crazy about — быть без ума от; I I to be keen on smth. — увлекаться чем-то очень сильно; . f to betired — быть усталым; . to be right (wrong) — быть правым/неправым; ! to be in love with — быть влюбленным в кого-либо и т. д. ! l _ _ __________ _______ ____и Exercise 4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. 1. I have been busy all day. Now I am very tired. 2. I am not in­ terested in books but I am fond of music. 3. She is in love with a new student. 4. The father is angry with the son. 5.1 am sure you are mis­ taken. 6. Miriam is keen on horse-riding. 7. Sorry, 1 will be late for the meeting tomorrow. 8. Are you ready? 9. I am glad 1 was right. 10. Are you in love with me? ----------------- s Exercise 5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. 1. Я боюсь, что вы неправы. 2. — Ты хочешь есть? — Нет, но я хочу пить. 3. Я не болею, я устал. 4. Ты злишься на меня? 5. Мне жаль. 6. Я опоздываю на занятия. 7. Этот профессор не ошибается. 8. Роберт влюблен в нее. 9. Я уверен, что вы правы. 10. Я готов ко всему. Present Simple Tense. Настоящее простое время Настоящее простое время имеет значение повторяемости, регулярности, постоянства. Утверждения, отрицания и вопросы образуются следующим образом: Отрицание Утверждение Г — — — — — — — — — — Do I walk? Do you walk? Does he walk? Does she walk? Does it walk? Do we walk? Do you walk? Do they walk? I don’t walk You don’t walk He doesn’t walk She doesn’t walk It doesn’t walk We don’t walk You don’t walk They don’t walk I do not walk You do not walk He does not walk She does not walk It does not walk We do not walk You do not walk They do not walk I walk You walk He walks She walks It walks We walk You walk They walk Вопрос Краткая форма Полная форма — — — — — — — — — — — — — П| Обратите внимание на написание глаголов, к которым , I прибавляется окончание -s. I Если глагол оканчивается на ss, sh, ch, х, о, прибавляется ( 1 окончание -es. Например: I miss — he misses, I wish — he wishes, I pinch — he pinches, 1 1 I relax — he relaxes, I go — he goes. 1 I Если глагол оканчивается на согласную и у, то у исчезает и мы • I пишем -ies. Например: I I I try — he tries, I fry — she fries. I I Если глагол оканчивается на гласную и у, ничего не изменяется. , I Например: I You play — he plays. Если глагол оканчивается на е, то необходимо просто прибавить 1 s. Например: You take — he takes. I Exercise б. Прибавьте окончание -s к глаголам, обращая внимание на правописание. 1.1 see — He sees 3.1 run — He ... 5.1 say — He... 7.1 go —He... 2.1 fly —He.... 4.1 smile — He ... 6.1 cook — He ... 8.1 give — He ... г — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 Важно знать и правила чтения окончания -s, для того чтобы | I приобрести красивое английское произношение. I I Окончание -s читается как [s] после глухих звуков [f], [k], [р], ( ( [t]. Например: looks, cooks, jumps. Окончание -s читается как [iz] после шипящих и свистящих 1 звуков [s], [f], [tj], [63], [zj. Например: misses, watches, washes. 1 Окончание -s читается как [z] в остальных случаях. 1 I L — ______________ Exercise 7. Разделите слова на три колонки. И [iz] [S] Plays... Washes... Makes... Makes, washes, plays, repairs, splashes, takes, kisses, speaks, likes, learns, dances, touches, brings, loves, sings, pinches, fixes, rides, teach­ es, visits, respects, climbs, laughs, travels, sells, writes, rushes, works, talks, mixes. wore Exercise 8. Раскройте скобки и прибавьте к глаголам окончание -s, если необходимо. Например: Tom (go) to school every day. — Tom goes to school every day. We (read) a lot of books. — We read a lot of books. 1. Jane (walk) in the park with her dog in the mornings. 2. They (like) to travel very much. 3. He always (watch) football matches. 4. Alison and Kate (visit) their grandmother twice a week. 5. Stu­ dents (take) exams every year. 6. Mrs. Brown (cook) very well. 7. You (phone) me every day. 8. The train for Lisbon (depart) at 8 o’clock. 9. Her parents (live) in a little town. 10. My cat, Kitty, (eat) a lot. Exercise 9. Постройте отрицания и общие вопросы из данных предложений. Например: You usually come in time. — Do you usually come in time? You don’t usually come in time. 1. We go to the seaside every summer. 2. She plays with children very well. 3. Our neighbours make a lot of noise. 4. They often talk about weather. 5. Jane watches TV in the evening. 6. Tom reads books in the evening. 7. Cats eat mice. 8. Spring comes before summer. 9. The Charlestons invite us every Sunday. 10. The snow melts when it’s hot. Exercise 10. Задайте альтернативные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: 1. I like apples (pears). — Do you like apples or pears? 1. I like to play soccer (rugby). 2. He has a new car (old car). 3. She has a sister (a brother). 4. Mike dances well (sing). 5. I want to buy a new computer (a tablet). 6. They go to the mountains every year (to the seaside). 7. My brother likes to play football (basketball). 8. My friends go to school (to the university) every day. 9. The Italians like pizza (pasta). 10. He lives in New York (Washington). Г X X к — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — П I Специальные вопросы начинаются с вопросительных | I слов (where, what, when, why, how, which, how much/many). 3a j I вопросительным словом следует вспомогательный глагол (do/ ( ! does), далее — подлежащее, сказуемое и второстепенные члены ( предложения. Например: What time do you go to school? 1 Вопросы к подлежащему (Кто/Что + сказуемое) строятся по 1 1 особым правилам. 1 L _ ______________________ J Exercise 11. Задайте специальные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: The leaves fall down from the trees. — When do the leaves fall down from the trees? 1. Mr. Brown arrives in New York (When). 2.1 get up at 5 a.m. every day (Why). 3. He studies at the university (What). 4. They always argue (Why). 5. This dress costs a lot (How much). 6. 1 have some apples (How many). 7. He lives alone (Where). 8. Mr. Davies travels every summer (Where). 9. My sister does the shopping every week (Why). 10. I have breakfast every morning (What time). т I Вопрос к подлежащему — это вопрос, который мы задаём, I I если не знаем, кто или что совершает действие. Например: I , Who runs fast? — Кто бегает быстро? I What costs a lot? — Что стоит дорого? I ' Вопросы к подлежащему образуются без помощи вспомога­ I тельных слов do и does. Глагол всегда употребляется с окончаI 1 нием -5 в таких вопросах. д Exercise 12. Задайте вопрос к подлежащему. Не lives in Africa. — Who lives in Africa? They like swimming. — Who likes swimming? 1. She drinks a lot of water. 2. They feel cold. 3. She comes from England. 4. He always buys bread. 5. We go to the restaurant every Sunday. 6. She has a beautiful smile. 7. This artist paints very well. 8. They watch TV in the evening. 9. He always surfs the internet before going to sleep. 10. This student reads a lot of newspapers. Г — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 Разделительные вопросы строятся следующим образом: I Не goes to school, doesn’t he? They go to school, don’t they? | He doesn’t go to school, does he? They don’t go to school, do they? j «Хвостик» разделительного вопроса переводится словами «не 1 так ли, не правда ли». Например: Cheetah runs fast, doesn’t it? — * I Гепард бегает быстро, не так ли? I I I I L Exercise 13. Задайте разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям. Например: Не studies well. — Не studies well, doesn't he? 1. It rains a lot in England. 2. They walk in the park every day. 3. He helps to do the housework. 4. Mary always does the ironing. 5. The baby always smiles. 6. The farmer feeds the animals three times a day. 7. Tom doesn’t study enough. 8. They don’t go out. 9. She doesn’t help. 10. We don’t tidy up every day. г --------------- --- I Случаи употребления настоящего простого времени (Present | I Simple Tense): I 1. Факт: ' He lives in Moscow. He works as an engineer. 1 2. Повторяющийся, цикличный закон природы, общая 1 • истина: I I Snow melts in spring. Water boils with 100 degrees Celsius. I 3. Повторяющееся действие: I I He always gets up early. I I 4. Последовательность действий в настоящем: ( I Somebody knocks. Then the door opens, and Ann enters. I 5. Расписание поездов, самолётов, автобусов, занятий и т. д.: I The train leaves at 8. ■ I 6. В значении будущего в придаточных предложения времени 1 I и условия (после слов when, as soon as, after, before, if, unless, I I provided, only if, on condition that, so long as и т. д.): I He will phone you when he comes. I I 7. С глаголами, которые обозначают не собственно действие, j I а скорее отношение к чему-либо, состояние. К ним относятся ( I следующие группы глаголов: I чувственного восприятия: see, hear, feel; ' I умственной активности: think, believe, suppose, know, under- * I stand; I I существования, зависимости, обладания: be, exist, seem, have, I I I belong, depend; эмоций: like, love, hate, want, wish, desire; , I некоторые глаголы говорения: declare, announce, proclaim, etc. | I Present Simple часто используется с наречиями частотности, так I как они указывают на повторяемость действия. Например: always, 1 I often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/month/year, never. * Exercise 14. Раскройте скобки, используя глаголы в Present Simple. Объясните, почему используется Present Simple в каждом предложении. 1. The match (start) at 8 p.m. 2. The Sun (rise) in the east. 3. The child (not read) well. 4. What you (see)? 5. They (call) me every day. 6.1 will call you as soon as I (come). 7. He will come if you (invite) him. 8. — What... you (do)? — I am an engineer. 9. He (arrive) at the airport, (check) in, (go) to the departure lounge. 10. The train (depart) at 11:30. Exercise 15. Переведите предложения, употребляя Present Simple. 1. Я завтракаю каждый день. 2. Ты работаешь? 3. Где ты работаешь? 4. Кем ты работаешь? 5. Сезон ураганов начинается в июне в США. 6. Моя сестра хорошо поёт. 7. Самолёт взлетает в 14:30. 8. Что ты изучаешь каждый день? 9. Кто обычно пылесосит в твоей семье? 10. Почему они всегда ругаются? Present Continuous/Progressive Tense. Настоящее длительное/продолженное время Настоящее длительное время обозначает длительное, непостоян­ ное действие, происходящее в данный момент. Утверждения, отрица­ ния и вопросы образуются следующим образом: 1 Утверждение Полная форма Краткая форма Отрицание Полная форма Краткая форма I am walking I’m walking I am not walk- I’m not walking ing You aren’t You are You’re walk- You are not walking walking walking ing He is not walk- He isn’t walkHe is walking He’s walking ing ing She is walk- She’s walk- She is not walk- She isn’t walking ing ing ing It is walking It’s walking It is not walking It isn’t walking We aren’t walkWe are walk- We’re walk- We are not walking ing ing ing You aren’t You’re walk- You arc not You are walking walking walking ing They aren’t They are They’re They are not walking walking walking walking Вопрос Am I walkmg? Are you walking? Is he walking? Is she walking? Is it walking? Are we walking? Are you walking? Are they walking? г 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I Обратите внимание на написание глаголов, к которым при­ I бавляется -ing. I Если глагол оканчивается на ударный слог, в состав которого I входит краткая гласная, за которой следует лишь один соглас­ I ный, согласный удваивается. Например: swim — swimming, run — I running, refer — referring. Если глагол заканчивается на гласную е, при прибавлении -ing I I е выпадает. Например: take — taking, smile — smiling. Если глагол заканчивается на ie, опускаем ie и пишем ying I I вместо. Например: lie — lying, die — dying. Если глагол заканчивается на у, при прибавлении окончания I -ing ничего не изменяется. Например: try — trying, fly — flying, I say — saying. I Если глагол заканчивается на согласную букву /, то в британ­ 1 ском английском при прибавлении -ing I удваивается. Например: I travelling, distilling. Если глагол оканчивается на с, то при прибавлении окончания 1 I -ing добавляется буква к: mimic — mimicking. Exercise 16. Прибавьте окончание -ing к следующим глаголам: 11. play —.. 1. jump —jumping 6. read — ... 12. write — 2. put — ... 7. dry —... 13. draw — 8. cook — ... 3. sell —... 14. clap —.. 4. make —... 9. sing —... 10. tune —... 5. lie —... 15. rise —... Exercise 17. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из утверждений. 1. Не is reading a book. 2. Alice is taking a shower. 3. The kids are playing in the garden. 4. Somebody is knocking on the door. 5. They are quarrelling. Exercise 18. Задайте альтернативные вопросы к данным утверждениям. Например: I am calling ту sister (brother). —Are you calling your sister or brother? 1. I am having tea (coffee). 2. He is going to school (to the kinder­ garten). 3. My neighbour is listening to music (watching TV). 4. We are seeing Mark on Monday (Tuesday). 5. He is choosing a new telephone (computer). Exercise 19. Задайте специальные вопросы к данным утверждениям. Например: Liz is crying (Why). — Why is Liz crying? Будьте внимательны с вопросом к подлежащему. Вспомога­ тельный глагол будет всегда is. Например: Му brothers are playing computer. — Who is playing computer? 1. The secretary is answering the phone (Who). 2. We are going sightseeing next Sunday (When). 3. He is vacuuming the floor (What). 4. Granny is looking for her glasses (What). 5. The sportsman is run­ ning fast (How). 6. The cat is chewing my shoe (Who). 7. The eagle is flying high in the sky (Where). 8. We are going to spa this week­ end (Where). 9. The teacher is reading a magazine (What magazine). 10. They are writing a programme (Who). Exercise 20. Задайте разделительные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: It is snowing. — It is snowing, isn’t it? They are not driving fast. — They are not driving fast, are they? ВНИМАНИЕ: 1 am reading a book. — / am reading a book, aren’t I? 1. The dog is barking at me. 2.1 am composing a text. 3. He is not dialling my number. 4. We are moving to a new flat tomorrow. 5. You are not listening to me! г I Случаи употребления настоящего длительного времени | I (Present Continuous Tense): I I 1. Действие происходит прямо сейчас (now, at the moment): l I I am reading a book now. I I 2. Действия, которые являются не постоянными, а лишь I I временными, часто со словами now, today, this week, this year. I I He is living in New York now. (Сейчас он живет в Нью-Йорке I I временно. Вообще-то он живет в Лондоне.) I I 3. Постоянные, непрерывные процессы: I I The Earth is constantly moving around the Sun. I I 4. Развивающаяся, изменяющаяся ситуация с такими I I глаголами, как to get, to change, to become, to increase, to rise, I I to fall, to grow, to improve, to begin, to start и т. д.: I I The prices are getting higher and higher. The days are getting I I shorter and shorter. I I 5. Раздражение, вызванное какой-либо вредной привыч- I I кой, со словами always, constantly. I I He is constantly smoking in my room! You are always being late! I I 6. Планы на будущее: I I We are seeing each other on Tuesday (Мы увидимся во втор- I I ник — это наш план). I I 7. Поведение человека, которое обычно ему не характерно: I I You arc being rude! (Ты груб, но не всегда, а именно сейчас.) I I Обратите внимание на то, что глаголы, которые обозначают I I не собственно действие, а скорее состояние, отношение, не упо- I I требляются в Present Continuous. С этими глаголами необходимо I I использовать Present Simple Tense. Можно выделить следующие I I группы глаголов состояния/отношения: 1 1 чувственного восприятия', see, hear, feel и т. д.; I • умственной активности: think, believe, suppose, know, I I understand, realize и т. д.; 1 1 существования, зависимости, обладания', be, exist, seem, 1 1 have, belong, depend, own, possess; 1 1 эмоций: like, love, hate, want, wish, desire; 1 1 некоторые глаголы говорения', declare, announce, proclaim, etc. I Exercise 21. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous. Объясните, почему в данных предложениях употребляется именно это время. 1. — What ... you (look) for? — I (look) for my pen. Could you please help me? 2. She is a student. But she (work) as a waitress in sum­ mer to earn some money for her studies. 3. He constantly (scatter) his socks around the flat! 4. Sally (visit) her parents this weekend. 5. Your English (get) better and better. Exercise 22. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. 1. Что ты делаешь завтра вечером? 2. Посмотри! Котёнок пьёт молоко. 3. Погода становится лучше и лучше. 4. На этой неделе я остановлюсь в отеле “Best Western”. 5. Мой сын постоянно играет в комьютерные игры! 6. Вселенная постоянно меняется. 7. Кто играет в футбол сейчас? 8. Что ты ищешь? 9. Что с тобой? Ты невежливый сегодня! 10. Послушай! Майк играет на гитаре. Present Simple Tense vs. Present Continuous Tense Exercise 23. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Present Simple. Обратите внимание на глаголы, которые в длительном времени не употребляются! 1. Our seats are too far. I (not see) the actors. 2. ... you (read) now? 3. What is this smell? ... you (smoke)? 4. He (know) my sister. 5. Mi­ randa (work) harder and harder but nobody appreciates it. 6. Sophie (hate) being interrupted. 7. Switch off the TV. Nobody (watch). 8. It (snow). Put on your hat! 9.1 always (have) a headache in the morning. 10.1 (listen) to you, but I (not hear). Некоторые глаголы могут обозначать как действие, так и со­ стояние. Если они обозначают действие, мы можем употреблять их в Present Continuous. Если они обозначают состояние, упо­ требляется Present Simple Tense. Изучите следующую таблицу: Глаголы в значении «состояние» Глаголы в значении «действие» Не thinks it’s not acceptable to Не is thinking about this job offer. — kill animals for fur. — Он думает Он думает об этом предложении (считает), что неприемлемо работы. убивать животных ради меха. The soup tastes badly. — У супа плохой вкус. Не has а саг. — У него есть машина (это его собственность). Не is tasting the soup. — Он пробует суп. Не is having a shower. — Он принимает душ. Не is having breakfast. — Он завтракает. The woollen sweater feels itchy. — Alice is feeling her way in the dark. — Шерстяной свитер колючий. Элис идёт на ощупь в темноте. I am feeling good. — Мне хорошо. (Я очень счастлив.) (разг., эмоционально) Глаголы в значении «состояние» Глаголы в значении «действие» I am seeing a doctor on Friday. — Do you see what is written over Я иду к доктору в пятницу. there? — Ты видишь, что I am seeing ту friend on Tuesday. — написано там? Я встречаюсь с подругой во Do you see what I mean? — Ты понимаешь, что я имею в виду? вторник. This perfume smells like roses. — She is smelling the flowers. — Она нюхает цветы. Эти духи пахнут розами. I love/enjoy reading good books. — I’m loving this film. — Я очень люблю этот фильм. Я люблю читать книги. (разг., эмоционально) Не is looking at the sea. — You look nice. — Ты хорошо Он смотрит на море. выглядишь. The luggage weighs a lot. — Багаж The seller is weighing the goods. — весит много. Продавец взвешивает товар. Exercise 24. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Present Simple. 1. I (think) about starting a new project. 2. I (think) he is a good person. 3. — Why ... you (smell) the milk? — Because it (smell) bad. I think you shouldn’t drink it. 4. — What... you (look) at? — 1 (look) at Jane. She (look) gorgeous in this evening dress. 5. Sorry, I cannot go out with you on Sunday. I (see) my dentist. 6. Velvet (feel) soft and (look) soft too. 7. Oh, I (not see) where you are. Could you wave your hand? 8. The lights went down and I (feel) my way in the dark. 9. Bob can not answer the phone. He (have) a shower. 10 I bought a new com­ puter. I (have) a new computer now! Exercise 25. Сравните случаи употребления Present Simple и Present Simple Continuous и выполните упражнение, раскрыв скобки и употребив глаголы в нужной форме. 1. Не (take a nap). Call back later, please. 2. What is this smell? What ... (bum)? 3. He always (help) us a lot. 4. I always (get up) at 7 o’clock. 5. Don’t take this book. Ann (read) it. 6. ... you often (go) to the cinema? 7. You (not listen) to me. What ... you (think) about? 8. It (get) warmer and warmer. 9. I (not see) what you mean. 10. Why ... you (look) at this photo with such attention? Present Simple I read 1 He reads I don’t read / She doesn’t read Do you read? / Does she read? Present Continuous I am reading 1 He is reading / You are reading I am not reading / He isn’t reading 1 You aren’t reading Are you reading? / Is he reading? Present Simple 1. Факт: I live in Rostov. Present Continuous 1. Действие, происходящее сейчас: I am reading a book now. ■ 2. Общая правда, цикличный 1 закон природы: Snow melts in spring. 2. Постоянные, непрерывные процессы: The Earth is moving around the Sun. 3. Повторяющееся действие: Не always gets up early. 4. Последовательность действий: Somebody knocks. Then the door opens and Ann enters. 3. Временное действие: He is living in New York now. (Actually he is from London. But he is visiting his friend for summer holidays.) 5. Расписание: The train leaves at 8. 4. Изменяющаяся ситуация: He is getting fatter and fatter. 5. Раздражение, вызванное вредными привычками: Не is constantly smoking in my room! 6. Планы: We are seeing each other on Tuesday. (We plan to meet on Tuesday.) 7. Поведение человека, которое обычно ему не характерно: You are being rude! Exercise 26. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous. 1. Look! She (dance). 2. He always (forget) his umbrella some­ where! 3. Come to me when you (have) free time. 4. We (leave) at 11 o’clock tomorrow. 5. Don’t say that! You (be) ridiculous! 6. Don’t make noise! I (try) to work. 7. Bob always (cheat) at the exam! 8. We (meet) at California Bakery on Friday. Would you like to join us? 9. My singing class (start) at 8 o’clock and (finish) at 9. 10. The soup (taste) sweet. It’s strange. Exercise 27. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous. 1. Our planet (get) hotter and hotter. 2. Why ... you (feel) the baby’s forehead? 3. — What... you (do) in London? I didn’t know you were here! — I (visit) my relatives. 4. Water (freeze) in winter. 5. Come to my place tonight. We (watch) a new film with Tom and Jim. 6. Brian (surf) well. 7. ... you (know) what to do now? 8. Life (get) more and more difficult with years. 9. Hurry up! The bus (leave) in 15 minutes. 10. If you (do) a lot of exercises, your grammar will get better soon. Exercise 28. Переведите на английский язык. 1. Что ты обычно делаешь вечером? 2. Джил говорит на пяти языках. 3. Я выпиваю 7 чашек кофе в день. 4. Мужчина в черном пальто похож на Тома Круза. 5. Что ты думаешь об этом фильме? 6. Ты всегда смотришь телевизор, когда я хочу спать! 7. Луна вра­ щается вокруг Земли. 8. Зимой идёт снег. 9. Я сейчас завтракаю. 10. Во сколько мы встречаемся в пятницу? Present Perfect Tense. Настоящее совершенное время Настоящее совершенное время употребляется для обозначения действий, которые произошли в прошлом, но связаны с настоя­ щим. Например, действие было в прошлом, а результат в настоя­ щем. Или действие произошло не очень давно, в период времени, который еще не закончился. I have left my umbrella at home. Now 1 am getting wet under the rain. — Я оставил зонт дома. Сейчас я мокну под дождём. 1 have seen Jack today. — Я видела Джека сегодня (сегодняшний день ещё не окончен). Настоящее совершенное время образуется при помощи вспомо­ гательного глагола have и причастия прошедшего времени. При­ частие прошедшего времени правильных глаголов образуется при помощи прибавления окончания -ed (walk — walked). Например: Утверждение Полная форма Краткая форма Отрицание Полная форма I have walked I’ve walked I have not walked You’ve You have not You have walked walked walked He has He has not He’s walked walked walked She has She’s She has not walked walked walked It has walked It’s walked It has not walked We have We’ve We have not walked ' walked walked You have You’ve You have not walked walked walked They have They’ve They have not walked walked walked Краткая форма Вопрос I haven’t walked You haven’t walked He hasn’t walked She hasn’t walked It hasn’t walked Have 1 walked? Have you walked? Has he walked? Has she walked? Has it walked? We haven’t walked You haven’t walked They haven’t walked Have we walked? Have you walked? Have they walked? Обратите внимание на правила правописания при прибавлении окончания -ed. Если последний слог глагола ударный, в нем краткий гласный, за которым следует лишь один согласный, последний согласный удваивается. Например: Stop — stopped, sob — sobbed, prefer — preferred. Если глагол оканчивается на -у, перед которой стоит согласный, -у не пишется. Вместо неё пишем -i. Например: Try — tried, dry — dried. Если глагол оканчивается на -у, перед которой стоит гласный, ничего не меняется при прибавлении окончания. Например: Play — played, delay — delayed. Если глагол оканчивается на -е, мы прибавляем только d. На­ пример: Dance — danced, wince — w'inced. Если глагол оканчивается на /, то в британском английском / удваивается: travel — travelled. Если глагол оканчивается на с, то при прибавлении окончания -ed добавляется буква к: mimic — mimicked. Причастия прошедшего времени неправильных глаголов надо запоминать. Их список приведён в приложении в конце книги. С неправильными глаголами Present Perfect Simple образуется сле­ дующим образом: Утверждение Полная Краткая форма форма I have met I’ve met Отрицание Краткая Полная форма форма Вопрос I have not met I haven’t met Have I met? You have met You’ve met You have not You haven’t met Have you met? met He has met He’s met He has not met He hasn’t met Has he met? She has met She’s met She has not met She hasn’t met Has she met? It has met It’s met It has not met It hasn’t met Has it met? We have met We’ve met We have not met We haven’t met Have we met? You have met You’ve met You have not met You haven’t met Have you met? They have They have not They haven’t They’ve Have they met met met met met? Exercise 29. Напишите форму причастия прошедшего времени следующих правильных глаголов. 1. jump —jumped 4. try —... 7. admit —... 10. step —... 2. smile —... 5. ban —... 8. fry —... 11. receive —... 3. rob —... 6. bury —... 9. suffer—... 12. pray —... Exercise 30. Напишите форму причастия прошедшего времени следующих неправильных глаголов. I. think — thought 4. send —... 2. buy —... 5. spend —... 3. bring —... 6. meet —... 7. know — 8. fly — 9. draw — 10. give —... 11. forgive —... 12. dive —... Exercise 31. Напишите форму причастия прошедшего времени следующих правильных и неправильных глаголов. 13. want —... 1 rise — risen 5. separate —... 9. cry —... 10. follow —... 14. swim —... 2 raise —... 6. write —... 3 lie —... .?.-.J.9.g..—........ 11. throw —... 15. become —... 16. begin —... 4 .bX—........ 8. mean —... 12. agree —... Особое внимание стоит уделить произношению формы с окончанием -ed. Окончание -ed произносится как [id], если перед ним стоят согласные [t], [d], Например: wanted, decided, landed. Окончание -ed произносится как [t] после глухих звуков [к], [s], [tj], LTJ» И: looked, watched, laughed. Окончание -ed произносится как [d] в остальных случаях: played, smiled, hurried. Exercise 32. Разделите глаголы на три колонки. [id] Wanted... Id] It] Kicked ... Played... Wanted, kicked, played, bathed, closed, cooked, coughed, decided, dropped, ended, hated, hoped, intended, kissed, looked, loved, needed, phoned, showed, sniffed, snowed, started, stepped, tapped, tasted, test­ ed, tidied, travelled, tried, waited. Exercise 33. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из данных предложений. Например: I have seen this film. — I haven’t seen this film. Have you seen this film? 1.1 have been to Scotland. 2. You have seen Mike today. 3. Alison has bought a new dress. 4. The child has eaten his porridge. 5. I have been here since 5 o’clock. Exercise 34. Задайте альтернативные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: I have had a glass of orange juice (apple juice). —Have you had a glass of orange or apple juice? 1. He has just met Cleo (Theo). 2. He has had two glasses of wine (champagne). 3. I have made an apple pie (cherry pie). 4. It has rained here (snowed). 5. The student has learnt the topic (the poem). Exercise 35. Задайте специальные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: I haven’t come to the class because I... (Why). — Why haven’t you come to the class? Будьте осторожны с вопросом к подлежащему! Вспомогательный глагол всегда будет has. Например: They have seen the film. — Who has seen the film? 1. My husband has brought home a pet (What). 2. We have had a wonderfill dinner (Who). 3. I have been to England two times (How many times). 4. Granny has cooked a cake for Timmy (Who.... for?). 5. The firefighters have put down the fire (Who). Exercise 36. Задайте разделительные вопросы к данным предложениям. We have booked the hotel. — We have hooked the hotel, haven't we? 1. I have switched off the light. 2. You have phoned me. 3. He has already checked in. 4. She has lost weight. 5. The bus has already left. 6. The film hasn’t finished yet. 7. The doctor has already come. 8. They have never seen the sea. 9. The concert has just started. 10. Their teach­ er hasn’t come into the classroom. Случаи употребления Present Perfect 1. Действие произошло ранее, но результат в настоящем: I have read the article (and can discuss it with you). — Я прочитал статью (и могу обсудить её с тобой). I’ve broken the glass — look! — Я разбил стакан — посмотри! 2. Со словами already — уже, just — только что, ever — когда-либо, never — никогда, yet — еще, уже, recently!late­ ly — в последнее время, so far — пока что, always — всегда, how long — как долго. Эти слова в предложении занимают позицию перед смысловым глаголом, кроме yet, so far и lately, которые ставятся в конце предложения. Recently может располагаться как в конце, так и перед глаголом. How long — вопросительное слово, которое стоит в начале специальных вопросов. Например: I have already done my homework. — Я уже сделала домашнее задание. I have just done my homework. — Я только что сделала домашнее задание. Have you ever been to France? — Ты когда-либо был во Франции? I have never been to France. — Я никогда не был во Франции. I have done five exercises so far. — Пока что я сделал пять упражнений. I haven’t seen the new film yet. — Я еще не видел новый фильм. I haven’t seen Jim lately. — Я не видел Джима в последнее время. Не has recently bought a new car. — Он недавно купил новую машину. I have always known that I can’t be a doctor. — Я всегда знал, что не могу быть врачом. Слово already употребляется в утверждениях и иногда в вопросах. I have already had five cups of coffee. — Have you already eaten? Я уже выпил пять чашек кофе. — Ты уже поел? Слово yet употребляется в вопросах и отрицаниях. I haven’t left the house yet. — Have you left the house yet? Я нс вышел из дома еще. — Ты уже вышел из дома? 2. Действия, которые происходят в период времени, ■ который еще не закончился, то есть сегодня (если сегодняшний день не закончился), на этой неделе (неделя не закончилась), в этом месяце, году и т. д.: She has met a lot of people this week. — Она встретила много людей на этой неделе. В данном случае в предложении употребляются слова today, this week, this month, this year. 3. С предлогами for (в течение) и since (с, с тех пор как) с глаголами live, study, work или с глаголами, которые не употребляются в длительных временах (see, hear, feel, think, believe, suppose, know, understand, be, exist, seem, have, belong, 1 depend, like, love, hate, want, wish, desire, declare, announce, proclaim) и т. д. I’ve known him for ages. — Я его знаю сто лет. 4. Многократные действия: I’ve ironed three shirts. — Я погладила три рубашки. I’ve been there three times. — Я был там три раза. Exercise 37. Вставьте предлог for или since. Предлог for указывает на весь промежуток времени, в то время как since лишь на начало. Например: We have already been friendsfor 3 years. — Мы друзья уже 3 года. She has hated me since childhood. — Она с детства меня ненавидит. 1. She has been ill ... two days. 2.1 have lived here ... ten years. 3. They all have been in the meeting ... 11 a.m. 4. Emma hasn’t seen her husband ... Friday. 5. I haven’t slept... hours. 6. Peter has worked in a bank ... 2000. 7. Valentine has studied at the university ... three years. 8. We have known each other ... last Christmas. 9. They have been on holidays ... six weeks. 10.1 have been at home ... 2 p.m. Exercise 38. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect. Объясните, почему необходимо использовать именно эту форму. 1. I (finish) my painting. Have a look at it! 2. My Mom (called) me three times this morning. 3.1 (not do) this exercise yet. 4.... you ever (be) to Nigeria? 5. I (know) him since 2002. 6. She ... just (lay) the table. 7. The weather (be) nasty since morning. 8. How long... you (be) in the room? 9. Where ... you (be)? 10.1 (want) to go to Disneyland since childhood. Exercise 39. Переведите на английский язык. 1.— Вы уже прочитали эту книгу? — Нет, я её ещё не прочитал. — Как долго она у вас? — Она у меня уже 2 недели. 2. Я сшила три платья в этом месяце. 3. — Ты когда-нибудь был в Барселоне? — Да, но я никогда не был в Мадриде. 4. Я знаю Эдвина уже два года. 5. Его брат живет в Китае уже 9 лет. 6. Она болеет со вторника. 7. Мальчик сломал мою куклу. Купи мне, пожалуйста, новую! 8. Мы в парке уже 2 часа. 9. Энтони только что позвонил тебе. 10. Я пока что не смотрел этот фильм. Present Perfect Continuous Tense. Настоящее совершенное длительное время Present Perfect Continuous Tense используется для обозначения действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось до настоящего момента и либо завершилось непосредственно перед моментом разговора, либо еще не завершилось. Например: I have been waiting for you for 2 hours. — Я вас ждал два часа. I have already been working for 5 hours. — Я работаю уже пять часов. Настоящее совершенное длительное время образуется следующим образом: Утверждение Полная форма I have been walking You have been walking He has been walking She has been walking It has been walking Wc have been walking You have been walking They have been walking Краткая форма I’ve been walking You’ve been walking He’s been walking She’s been walking It’s been walking We’ve been walking You’ve been walking They’ve been walking Вопрос Отрицание Краткая форма Полная форма I have not been walking I haven’t been walking You have not been walk­ You haven’t been walk­ ing ing He has not been walking He hasn’t been walking She has not been walk­ She hasn’t been walk­ ing ing Have I been walking? Have you been walk­ ing? Has he been walking? Has she been walk­ ing? It has not been walking We have not been walking You have not been walking They have not been walking Has it been walking? Have we been walk­ ing? Have you been walk­ ing? Have they been walk­ ing It hasn’t been walking We haven’t been walk­ ing You haven’t been walk­ ing They haven’t been walking Exercise 40. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из данных предложений. Например: She has been reading all morning. — She hasn’t been reading all morning. Has she been reading all morning? 1. The student has been preparing for the exam for two weeks. 2. They have been dancing for half an hour. 3.1 have been waiting for you all my life. 4. She has been working all night. 5. Richard has been training since 2 o’clock. Exercise 41. Задайте альтернативные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: Luke has been sleeping all morning (evening). — Has Luke been sleeping all morning or evening? 1. Margaret has been reading a book for 3 hours (a magazine). 2. They have been cooking for a long time (cleaning). 3. He has been running since 2 o’clock (walking). 4. My friends have been watching a film all day long (listening to music). 5. We have been driving since yesterday (Monday). Exercise 42. Задайте специальные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: I have been waiting for you for 15 minutes (How long). — How long have you been waiting for me? Будьте осторожны с вопросом к подлежащему! Вспомогательный глагол всегда будет has. Например: They have been watching a film for 2 hours. — Who has been watching a film for 2 hours? 1. Mark has been running under the rain for 30 minutes (Why). 2. Tom has been writing a letter for 1 hour (How long). 3. The architect has been making a sketch for 5 hours (How long). 4. The students have been writing a test since morning (What). 5. Neil and Sean have been talking for hours (Who). Exercise 43. Задайте разделительные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: You have been walking for 20 minutes. — You have been walkingfor 20 minutes, haven’t you? 1. He has been washing his bike for 20 minutes. 2. He has been fight­ ing. 3. He has been working as a doctor for 2 years. 4. We have been thinking of buying a house since last year. 5. Chris has been trying to fix the motorbike since Wednesday. Случаи употребления Present Perfect Continuous Tense 1. Действие, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось до настоящего момента и еще будет продолжаться: She has been reading since morning. — Она читает с утра. 2. Действие, которое длилось в прошлом, недавно завер­ шилось и имеет результат в настоящем: I see you have been using my computer. — Я вижу, что ты ис­ пользовал мой компьютер. Обратите внимание, что глаголы, которые обозначают не собственно действие, а скорее состояние, отношение, нс упо­ требляются в Present Perfect Continuous. С этими глаголами не­ обходимо использовать Present Perfect Tense. Список глаголов состояния/отношения вы можете найти на странице 13. Exercise 44. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect Continuous. Объясните, почему в данных предложениях необходимо использовать именно эту форму. 1. They (garden) since morning. 2. What (do) for the last 20 minutes? 3. He is a perfect basketball player. He (play) since he was 12 years old. 4. It (rain) at night. The asphalt is wet. 5. I (listen) to the radio for 5 hours. 6. He (run) for almost 40 minutes. Now he is taking a shower. 7. You don’t understand because you (not listen). 8. How long ... you (learn) English? 9. They (play) golf for four hours. 10. She (work) in the office since 5 a.m. Exercise 45. Переведите следующие предложения. 1. Как долго вы изучаете английский язык? 2. Они смотрят телевизор уже 40 минут. 3. Он готовит ужин уже почти три часа. 4. Как долго она встречается с твоим братом? 5. Они катаются на велосипеде уже два часа. 6. Ты играл в компьютер слишком долго. У тебя красные глаза. 7. Почему ты плакала? 8. Он слушал музыку всё утро. 9. Снег идёт уже три дня. 10. Он учится играть на гитаре уже две недели. Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Действие началось в прошлом Действие надавно завершилось: 1 have made a new dress. Look! — и продолжается до настоящего Я сшила новое платье. Посмотри! момента: I have been making a dress for 3 days. — Я шью платье уже три дня. Действие длилось определенный Мы не знаем, сколько длилось промежуток времени и повлияло на действие, и нам это не важно настоящее: знать: 1 have been working all day long. I am James has sold his house. — tired. — Я работал всё утро. Я устал. Джеймс продал дом. Выражение недовольства: Who has been using my computer? — Кто пользовался моим компьютером? Акцент на длительность: Акцент на многократность I have been ironing since morning. — действия: Я глажу с утра. I have ironed 5 shirts since morn­ ing. — Я погладила пять рубашек с утра. Слова-показатели: just, ever, never, Слова-показатели: since, for, how long. always, already, yet, for, since, so far, how long, recently, today, this week/month/year, once и т. д. Глаголы live, study, work могут употребляться как в Present Perfect, так и в Present Perfect Continuous. Не забывайте, что некоторые глаголы состояния не употребляются во временах группы Continuous. Например: love, like, hate, know, believe, see, want и т. д. Exercise 46. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous. 1. They (wait) for you all the morning. Come in fast, it’s an impor­ tant meeting. 2. — Mary ... just (phone) you. — Why? — Because you ... (forget) to pick up children from the kindergarten. 3.1 just (come) home. 4. I (garden) all the morning. I am dog-tired. 5. I (finish) to work in the garden. Aren’t these roses splendid? 6. I ... already (have) a cup of coffee. 7. The children (play) tennis since morning. Aren’t they tired? 8. ... you (write) an email to your boss? I think it’s better to talk to him personally. 9. Why ... you (not invite) Lucy yet? 10. I (call) you all morning! Where ... you (be)? 11. I (call) you five times and haven't reached you. 12. How long ... you (be) here? 13. She ... already (study) English for 5 years. But she wants to take more classes. 14. Sorry, your child (have) a fight at school and now the Headmistress would like to talk to you. 15.1... never (lose) anything in my life. Exercise 47. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous. 1. An important file (disappear) from my table. 2. Flowers (dis­ appear) from my garden since our new neighbours moved into the house next door. 3. Mrs. Johnson (gave) 3,000 pounds for charity this year. 4.1 (read) this textbook for hours. 5. She (know) him since 1999. 6. What... you (do) all this time? 7. We (not see) him for 3 days. 8. The dog (bark) for 15 minutes. 9. It (rain). I see puddles in the street. 10. ... you ever (be) to Brisbane? Exercise 48. Переведите на английский язык, используя Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous. 1. Они занимаются уже три часа. 2. Майк изучает английский язык три месяца. 3. Я уже помыла посуду. 4. Ты когда-нибудь был в Сингапуре? 5. Я не видел Джима неделю. 6. Я думала о твоём предложении весь день. 7. Я сделала три упражнения сегодня. 8. Дождь идёт с утра. 9. Я ждала тебя час. 10. Она готовит торт уже 3 часа, и она еще не закончила. 11. В последнее время он очень занят. 12. Я никогда не был на Ямайке. 13. Он сломал палец. 14. Я написала тебе десять писем. А ты еще не ответил. 15. Как долго ты бегал? Past Simple Tense. Прошедшее простое время Прошедшее простое время используется для обозначения действия в прошлом. При образовании утверждений мы используем глагол в форме Past Simple. Правильные глаголы образуют данную форму с помощью прибавления окончания -ed. Неправильные глаголы имеют особую форму, которую нужно запоминать. Изучите данные таблицы, чтобы понять, как образуются утверждения, отрицания и вопросы в Past Simple. Отрицание Утверждение I worked You worked He worked She worked It worked We worked You worked They worked Полная форма I did not work You did not work He did not work She did not work It did not work We did not work You did not work They did not work Вопрос Краткая форма I didn’t work You didn’t work He didn’t work She didn’t work It didn’t work We didn’t work You didn’t work They didn’t work Did I work? Did you work? Did he work? Did she work? Did it work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work? | Buy — неправильный глагол. Поэтому при образовании утверждений в Past Simple мы используем форму Past Simple — bought. Отрицание Утверждение I bought You bought He bought She bought It bought We bought You bought They bought Полная форма 1 did not buy You did not buy He did not buy She did not buy It did not buy We did not buy You did not buy They did not buy Краткая форма I didn’t buy You didn’t buy He didn’t buy She didn’t buy It didn’t buy We didn’t buy You didn’t buy They didn’t buy Вопрос Did 1 buy? Did you buy? Did he buy? Did she buy? Did it buy? Did we buy? Did you buy? Did they buy? Exercise 49. Повторите правила прибавления окончания -ed (см. тему Present Perfect) и напишите форму Past Simple следующих правильных глаголов. 1. brush — brushed 2. advise —... 3. clap —... 4 cry — ... 5 cure —... 6 rely —... 7. rub —... 8. precede —... 9. pull —... 10. marry —... 11. note —... 12. kiss —... Exercise 50. Повторите формы неправильных глаголов и напишите форму Past Simple. 1. drink — drank 2. sing —... 3. catch —... ........ 7. meet —... 5. draw —... 8. understand —... 6. buy —... 9. think —... 10. be —... 11. become —... 12. begin —... Exercise 51. Напишите форму Past Simple следующих правильных и неправильных глаголов. 10. give —... 1. come —... .l.g.o—............. 7. paint —... 11. dry — ... 8. do — ... .?Jog—................. 5. say —... 3. take —... 6. match —... 9. reach —... 12. joke —... Exercise 52. Преобразуйте следующие предложения в отрицания и вопросы. Например: Не played chess yesterday. — Не didn’t play chess yes­ terday. Did he play chess yesterday? The boy brought home a cat. — The boy didn’t bring home a cat. Did the boy bring home a cat? 1. He smiled at me. 2. It rained yesterday. 3. They kept wild animals at home. 4. This work of art made him famous. 5. You drank too much. Exercise 53. Задайте альтернативные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: Не fixed the computer yesterday (the tablet). — Did he fix the computer or the tablet yesterday? О S Q S ® s 3® 1. The football team lost (win). 2.1 won the lottery (game). 3. She washed the dishes (the clothes). 4. They became friends in 2010 (2011). 5. The children did their home task yesterday (the day before yester­ day). Exercise 54. Задайте специальные вопросы к данным предложениям. Например: Не came home late yesterday (When). — When did he come home yesterday? Будьте внимательны с вопросом к подлежащему. Они строятся без помощи вспомогательного глагола, поэтому смысловой глагол будет всегда в форме Past Simple. Например: Who went to the cin­ ema yesterday? 1. He used to dance very well (Who). 2. Thomas arrived in Lon­ don last week (When). 3. He didn’t come because he was ill (Why). 4. I wrote a letter to my Mom (What). 5. He swam very well when he was little (How). Exercise 55. Задайте разделительный вопрос к данным предложениям. 1. You lied to me. 2. Lucy didn’t iron the shirts. 3. We found a beauti­ ful harbour not far from the house. 4. It rained yesterday. 5. Jim watched this film yesterday. Случаи употребления Past Simple 1. Для выражения привычного, повторяющегося действия в прошлом: I used to travel a lot, but now I prefer to stay at home. 2. Действие, совершенное в истекшем отрезке времени (yesterday, last year, an hour ago, the other day, on Monday, in 1 2015): He sold his car two years ago. 3. Факт в прошлом: The river was not polluted. When she was young she lived in a small flat. 4. Последовательность действий в прошлом: She came in, switched on the computer and called her friend. Слова, которые часто употребляются с Past Simple: yesterday, last wcek/month/year/Monday, ago, how long ago, just now, then, when, in 1980. Exercise 56. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Past Simple. Объясните, почему необходимо употребить именно эту форму. 1. Mr. Thomson (buy) a new lawn-mower yesterday. 2. Alice (not get up) late yesterday. 3. ... you (learn) to play music at school? 4. Jack (send) me a postcard from Greece last year. 5. He (not do) exercises yesterday. 6. Who ... you (meet) last night? — I met Tom. 7. Who (meet) you last night? — Tom did. 8. Why ... Jennifer (not invite) me yesterday? 9. I (be) in Iceland five years ago. 10. Luke (give) me a smile yesterday. Exercise 57. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Past Simple. 1. Мы были в Испании в прошлом году. 2. Я открыл книгу, включил лампу и начал читать. 3. Что ты делала прошлым ле­ том? 4. Вчера шёл дождь. 5. Я не теряла зонтик вчера. 6. Майк приехал, в Лондон пять лет назад. 7. Мэри приготовила обед час назад. 8. Я не мог вставать рано утром, когда мне было 25 лет. 9. Одри Хепбёрн хорошо говорила по-французски, по-испански и по-итальянски. 10. Вчера я нашел 1000 рублей. Past Simple vs. Present Perfect Повторите правила образования и употребления Past Simple и Present Perfect и изучите данную таблицу. Present Perfect Past Simple I played / He bought 1 didn’t play / She didn’t buy 1 have played / He has played I haven’t played / He hasn’t played Have you played? Has he played? Did you play? / Did she buy? 1. Завершенные действия, не связан­ 1. Завершенные действия, свя­ ные с настоящим. Есть указание (или занные с настоящим. Нет ука­ подразумевается) на истекший пери­ зания на время совершения действия: од времени: I have been to Paris. 1 went to Paris last week. 2. Часто с вопросами, которые начи­ 2. Часто с вопросами, которые начинаются со слова where: наются со слова whetr. Where have you been? When did you go to Paris? 3. Чтобы узнать, расспросить о дета­ 3. Чтобы поделиться новостью: I have bought a new car. лях: When did you buy it? Why did you buy it? Exercise 58. Откройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple или в Present Perfect. Объясните, почему вы выбрали именно эту форму. 1.1 just (see) Mike. 2. We (see) a wonderful film yesterday. 3. Mary (know) Tom for ages. 4.1 (know) Julia since childhood. 5. ... you ever (be) to Canada? 6. Steve (not play) golf 5 years ago. 7. The guys (not buy) the tickets yet. 8. We never (be) to Australia. 9. They (watch) five films today. 10. Jim never (like) Chinese food. 11. When ... you (pay) the bill? 12. Where ... you (be) all this time? 13. Police (catch) the \ criminal yesterday. 14. Don’t be afraid. The police already (catch) the criminal. 15. We (use to) play hide-and-seek when we (be) little. Exercise 59. Откройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple или в Present Perfect. Объясните, почему вы выбрали именно эту форму. 1. — Не dances very well. — Yes, he does. He (attend) dancing classes. 2. I was waiting for him but he (not come). 3. Hurry up! The train just (arrive). 4. I (not read) the book yet. 5. Your friends already (leave). 6. They (leave) five minutes ago. 7.1 (do) six exercises today. 8. How long ... you (be) here? 9. ... you (wait) for me yesterday? 10. It (rain) yesterday. 11. Look! He (break) his car! 12. We (get acquainted) five years ago. 13.1 (call) your uncle just now. 14. They (not book) the hotel yet. 15. Nick (write) me a message thirty minutes ago. Exercise 60. Переведите на русский язык, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Present Perfect или Present Simple. 1. Я уже читал эту книгу. 2. Он позвонил и бросил трубку. 3. Я только что натолкнулся на Джима в библиотеке. 4. Вчера я сломала велосипед. 5. Ты не можешь ехать на моем велосипеде. Я его сломала. 6. Кто съел мой торт? 7. Когда я был в Майями, я часто ходил на пляж. 8. В последнее время ты какой-то странный. 9. Учитель объяснил это правило вчера. 10. Ты когда-нибудь был в Китае? 11. Кто написал «Гарри Поттера»? 12. Алекс продал свой велосипед соседу на прошлой неделе. 13. Я еще не рассказал ей об этом. 14. Энтони переехал в этот городок в 2013 году. 15. Боб никогда не видел море. Exercise 61. Переведите на русский язык, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, в Present Perfect или Present Simple. 1. Я никогда нс был в Японии. 2. Вчера я был в кино. 3. Где мой сок? Ты выпил мой сок, не так ли? 4. Где она купила это платье? Я хочу такое же. 5. Ты читал книгу или журнал вчера? 6. Мы ходи­ ли в зоопарк три раза в этом месяце. 7. Эта собака укусила ребёнка на прошлой неделе. 8. Ты выглядишь по-другому. Ты побрился? 9. Вчера ваш сын бросил мяч и разбил окно. 10. Они играли в ба­ скетбол или в футбол вчера? 11. Сэнди не написала письмо вчера. 12. Вчера Дэн повёл свою девушку в ресторан. 13. Смотри! Этот человек украл кошелек. 14. Вчера шёл сильный снег. 15. Я знаю его с пяти лет. Прошедшее длительное/продолженное время Прошедшее длительное время употребляется, чтобы обозна­ чить действие, которое происходило, было в процессе, в опреде­ ленный момент в прошлом. I Утверждение Отрицание Краткая форма Полная форма Вопрос I was walking 1 was not walking I wasn’t walking Was I walking? You were walking You were not walk­ You weren’t walk­ Were you walk­ ing? ing ing He was not walking He wasn’t walking Was he walking? He was walking She was walking She was not walk­ She wasn’t walk­ Was she walking? ing ing It was walking It was not walking It wasn’t walking Was it walking? We were walking We were not walk­ We weren’t walk­ Were we walking? ing ing Отрицание Вопрос Утверждение Полная форма Краткая форма You were walking You were not walk­ You weren’t walk­ Were you walking? ing ing They were walk­ They were not They weren’t Were they walk­ walking walking ing? ing Exercise 62. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: Не was playing computer all the morning yesterday. — He wasn’t playing computer all the morning yesterday. Was he playing computer all the morning yesterday? 1. The boy was building a sandcastle at 5 o’clock yesterday. 2. We were eating when he came. 3. The Browns were sunbathing on the beach at this time yesterday. 4. We were watching a film while you were sleeping. 5. The poet was composing a poem yesterday at 4 p.m. Exercise 63. Постройте альтернативные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: Не was reading a book yesterday at 5 o’clock (maga­ zine). — Was he reading a book or a magazine yesterday at 5 о 'clock? 1. She was making a hair-do all morning (get a manicure). 2. They were trying to solve my problem at 2 p.m. yesterday (your problem). 3. He was washing his car at 5 o’clock (bike). 4. He was playing com­ puter games all day (football). 5. They were walking in the park yes­ terday (in the Botanical Garden). Exercise 64. Постройте специальные вопросы из следующих предложений. Будьте внимательны с вопросом к подлежащему. Вспомогатель­ ный глагол будет всегда was. Например: Му brothers were playing computer. — Who was playing computer? I. They were joking yesterday (Who). 2. We were drinking tea yes­ terday evening (When). 3. The cat was sleeping all day today (What). 4. The band was playing in the theatre yesterday (Where). 5. Mr. Wil­ son was working at this time yesterday (What). Exercise 65. Постройте разделительные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: Не was reading a book yesterday. — Не was reading a book yesterday, wasn't he? 1. The boat was floating along the river yesterday. 2. The director was making a film yesterday at this time. 3. He was relaxing in SPA when you needed his help. 4. The students were studying all the night. 5. The car was running too fast. -I 0 ~О : ___ 'о [ _____________ © : _____________ © ■ _____________ ° : ■ о 'ч ----------------------- к _______ S —© -s> Случаи употребления Past Continuous 1. Действие, которое происходило в определенный момент в прошлом: She was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday. 2. Два действия, которые длились одновременно. В дан­ ном случае часто употребляется союз “while” — пока/в то время, как: They were dancing while he was playing the guitar. 3. Одно действие, которое длилось, но было прервано дру­ гим (Past Simple): Не was painting the bedroom when suddenly he fell off the ladder, was painting — Past Continuous, fell off — Past Simple 4. В рассказе для описания определенной сцены: We were walking in the woods. It was raining hard. Слова, которые часто употребляются в Past Continuous: while, when, as, all day/night/moming, all day yesterday. Обратите внимание, что глаголы, которые обозначают не соб­ ственно действие, а скорее состояние, отношение, не употребля­ ются в Past Continuous. Список глаголов состояния/отношения вы можете найти на странице 13. ■ ® О __________ О __________ О — \ X Exercise 66. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Past Continuous. Объясните, почему нужно употреблять именно это время. 1. Jack called while you (have a shower). 2. They (read) books at 9 a.m. this morning. 3. They (listen) to music while I (try) to sleep. 4. The child (cry) when mother came to pick her up after school. 5. He (work) all the day yesterday. 6. What... you (do) when the robber en­ tered the bank? 7. Jeremy (walk) along the street when he saw Mary. 8. My sister cut her finger while she (cook). 9. He (smile) while his daughter (tell) a story. 10. The tourist (sleep) when the train stopped. Exercise 67. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или в Past Continuous. Например: Не (read) when I (come). — He was reading a book when I came. (was reading — Past Continuous, т. к. это действие длилось; came — Past Simple, т. к. это действие не длительное, а мгновенное). Father (fix) the door while mother (cook). — Father was fixing the door while mother was cooking, (was fixing, was cooking — Past Con­ tinuous, т. к. оба действия длились одновременно). 1. The doorbell (ring) while I (sleep). 2. We (see) an accident while we (drive) a car. 3. Tina (fall) asleep while she (learn) English. 4. She (sunbathe) while we (play) golf. 5. Sam (not look) at the camera when the photograph (take) a photo of him. 6. Ben (not listen) to me when I (talk) to him! 7. The kids (eat) a chocolate cake when Mom (come) home. 8. The students (walk) in the park while the teacher (check) their tests. 9. Kate (read) a book when the light (go down). 10. We (watch) a film when our friends (call). Exercise 68. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. 1. Мы смотрели телевизор весь день. 2. Ты отдыхал, пока я ра­ ботал. 3. Я ехал за рулём, когда она позвонила. 4. Фрэнк читал книгу всё утро. 5. Мы изучали латинский вчера в 5 часов вечера. 6. Я пела, пока играла музыка. 7. Пока дети спали, родители игра­ ли в компьютерные игры. 8. Марк бегал в парке, когда увидел из­ вестного певца. 9. Они танцевали, когда он поцеловал её. 10. Они работали в саду, когда увидели самолёт. Past Perfect Tense. Прошедшее совершенное время Прошедшее совершенное время употребляется для обозначения действия, произошедшего ранее определенного момента в про­ шлом или какого-либо действия в прошлом. Данное время об­ разуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had и причастия прошедшего времени. Изучите следующие таблицы. Образование Past Perfect Tense с правильными глаголами Утверждение Полная Краткая форма форма Отрицание Полная Краткая форма форма I had watched I’d watched I had not watched You had not You had You’d watched watched watched He had not He’d He had watched watched watched She had not She had She’d watched watched watched It had not It had It’d watched watched watched We had watched We’d watched You had watched They had watched You’d watched They’d watched We had not watched You had not watched They had not watched I hadn’t watched You hadn’t watched He hadn’t watched She hadn’t watched It hadn’t watched We hadn’t watched You hadn’t watched They hadn’t watched Вопрос Had I watched? Had you watched? Had he watched? Had she watched? Had it watched? Had we watched? Had you watched? Had they watched? Образование Past Perfect с неправильными глаголами Утверждение Полная Краткая форма форма I had met I’d met You had met You’d met He had met He’d met She had met She’d met It had met It’d met We had met We’d met You had met You’d met They had met They’d met Отрицание Полная Краткая форма форма Вопрос I had not met I hadn’t met Had 1 met? You had not met You hadn’t met Had you met? j He had not met He hadn’t met Had he met? She had not met She hadn’t met Had she met? It had not met It hadn’t met Had it met? We had not met We hadn’t met Had we met? You had not met You hadn’t met Had you met? They had not They hadn’t Had they met? met met Exercise 69. Повторите правила образования причастия прошедшего времени правильных и неправильных глаголов и выполните упражнение по образцу. Например: play — played, see —seen. 9. fry 7. sell 1. rob 5. catch 3. lie 8. spend 10. cut 6. fight 2,-lay.............. 4. draw Exercise 70. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: Не had done his homework by 5 o’clock. — He hadn’t done his homework by 5 o’clock. Had he done his homework by 5 о 'clock? ■ 1. We had finished the project by Monday. 2. Rick had written his CV by 5 o’clock. 3. The students had learnt all the topics by the time of the exam. 4. The secretary had typed the letter before the manager asked. 5. It had rained before. Exercise 71. Постройте альтернативные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: The match had finished by 3 o’clock (performance). — Had the match or the performance finished by 3 о ’clock? l.Tony hadn’t finished the report by the deadline (review). 2. The campers had made the fire by the evening (dinner). 3. We had escaped by the time the teacher came (the headmaster). 4. Liz had watched this film before you bought the CD (Sue). 5. It had rained yesterday (snowed). Exercise 72. Постройте специальные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: The match had finished by 3 o’clock (What). — What had finished by 3 o’clock? 1. They had already graduated by 2012 (Who). 2. The Mitchells had decorated the Christmas tree by the first of December (What). 3. I had finished work by 5 p.m. because I wanted to go out that night (Why). 4. Mike had never played tennis before yesterday (Who). 5. The opera had already begun when we came to the theatre (What). Случаи употребления Past Perfect Tense 1. Одно действие в прошлом произошло раньше другого: She had already left when I got home. She had arrived before I cleaned the house. She arrived after we had left. 2. Действие завершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом: She had cleaned the house by 6 o’clock. О ----------<9 ----------- 3. Эквивалент Present Perfect, но в прошедшем времени: / ( She wasn’t in her office. She had already left. (Compare: She isn’t ' in the office. She has already left). Слова, которые часто употребляются с Past Perfect: before, after, just, yet, already, for, since, ever, never, till I until, when, by, by the time, etc. Exercise 73. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect. Объясните, почему необходимо употребить именно эту форму. 1. I opened the door after the bell (ring). 2. They (not add) sugar into ■the cake and it wasn’t sweet. 3. When I saw Andy, 1 didn’t recognize him. He (change) a lot. 4. The film (start) before you came. 5. Ann (not finish) to write her letter before the postman came. 6. The Nilsons (buy) a new car before the prices were put up. 7. The baby (fall) asleep by 5 o’clock. 8.1 (have) 6 cups of coffee by midnight. 9. The student came to school after the class ... already (start). 10. Where ... you (be) before I came home yesterday? Exercise 74. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect или в Past Simple. Внимательно читайте предложения и старайтесь понять, какое действие произошло раньше. Модель: The children (clean) the house before mom (come). The children had cleaned the house before mom came (Past Per­ fect употребляется для обозначения действия, которое произошло раньше: сначала убрали (Past Perfect), потом пришла мама). 1.1 (had) lunch after mom (cook) the soup. 2. You (give) me a good advice before I (take) a final decision. 3. It (be) sunny before the cy­ clone (come) to the city. 4. Tim (fall) asleep before the film (finish). 5. Rachel (make an appointment) to see her doctor before I (invite) her. 6. We (depart) before the storm (begin). 7. Nick (take) the cat before his friend (give) him a puppy for his birthday. 8. She (buy) this dress before she (see) a more beautiful one in the other shop. 9. Katie (study) a lot before she (pass the exam). 10. His sister (get up) before the sun (rise). Exercise 75. Переведите предложения на английский язык, употребляя Past Perfect и Past Simple. 1. Когда папа пришёл домой, дети уже заснули. 2. Я опоздал на работу вчера, потому что утром сломалось метро. 3. Я не ел целый день и вечером был очень голоден. 4. Мы были в этом музее до того, как новая картина появилась в коллекции. 5. Пол слышал эту песню до того, как ты подарил ему диск. 6. Они купили билеты до того, как узнали, что ты тоже хочешь пойти. 7. Мэри и Люк пошли домой, когда уже стемнело. 8. Она выпила лекарство после того, как сходила к доктору. 9. Мы завершили работу к девяти часам. 10. Съемки фильма закончились к понедельнику. Past Simple vs. Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Повторите правила употребления Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect и выполните упражнения. Past Perfect Past Simple Past Continuous I had called you /1 had I was reading / They I played / He bought bought it I didn’t play / She didn’t were reading I wasn’t reading / They I hadn’t called you / buy I hadn’t bought it Did you play? / Did she weren’t reading Had you called me? / Had buy? Was he reading? / Were you bought it? they reading? 1. Повторяющееся действие в прошлом: I used to travel a lot. 2. Действие, совер­ шенное в истекшем отрезке времени (yesterday, last year, an hour ago, the other day, on Monday, in 2015): 1. Действие в прошлом 1. Действие, которое произошло раньше происходило в определенный другого: She had already left when момент в прошлом: She was watching TV at I got home. She had arrived before 8 o’clock yesterday. I cleaned the house. She arrived after we had left. They were dancing while he was playing the 2. Действие завершилось He sold his car two years guitar. к определенному ago. 3. Действие, моменту в прошлом: прерванное другим: 3. Факт в прошлом: She had cleaned the house He was painting the bed­ The river was not by 6 o ’ clock. room when suddenly he polluted. 3. Эквивалент fell off the ladder. 4. Последователь­ Present Perfect ность действий в про­ 4. В рассказе в прошедшем времени: шлом: для описания She came in, switched on определенной сцены: She wasn’t in her office. the computer and called We were walking in the She had already left. (Compare: She isn’t in the her friend. woods. It was raining office. She has already Слова, которые часто hard. left.) употребляются с Past Слова, которые часто Simple: yesterday, употребляются в Past Слова, которые часто употребляются с Past last week/month/year/ Continuous: while, Monday, ago, how long when, as, all day/night/ Perfect: before, after, just, morning, all day yester­ yet, already, for, since, ago, just now, then, ever, never, till / until, when, in 1980. day. when, by, by the time, etc. 2. Одновременные действия: Exercise 76. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect. 1. The man (get) into his car and (drive) down the street. 2. It (be) not his first match. He (play) football before. 3. The television (be) on at this time yesterday, but we (not watch) it. 4. Alec (lose) his umbrella a few days ago. 5. Michael (not go) to work yesterday. 6.1 (not be) very busy, I (have) nothing to do. 7. Jason (have) a newspaper open in front of him, but he (not read) it. 8. — Why ... you (go) to bed so early yesterday? — I (work) a lot and (be) tired in the evening. 9. What... you (do) when I (clean) the house? Why ... (not come) to help me? 10. They (use to) go to the seaside every summer. Exercise 77. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect. 1. Timothy (go) to meet his wife after work. But when he (arrive), she already (leave). 2. Allen (sleep) when his friends (watch) a film. He (get up) early that day and was very sleepy. 3. I (see) you when you (dance) and (fall) in love immediately. 4. The streets (be) wet yesterday morning. 5.1 (not want) to watch this film because I already (see) it. 6. We still (plan) our trip at 12 that night. 7. We (not take) the ship yet as the storm (begin). 8. The student (not finish) the test when the time (run) out. 9. The girl (read) books all day yesterday. 10. The police (ar­ rive) at the bank by 5 o’clock. Exercise 78. Переведите на английский язык. 1. Вчера целый день шёл сильный дождь. 2. Я позвонила тебе после того, как посмотрела новости. 3. Группа спела уже три песни к тому моменту, как мы приехали. 4. Когда ты получил визу в Ан­ глию? 5. Мой сосед шёл домой с работы, когда увидел аварию. 6. Я прочитал три книги ко вторнику. 7. Когда они были в ресто­ ране, её жених играл в телефон. 8. Пока Том ехал на велосипеде, он дышал свежим воздухом. 9. Ребёнок осмотрелся и взял конфету. 10. Вчера у меня болела голова, потому что я не спал всю ночь. Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Прошедшее совершенное длительное время Утверждение Полная форма Краткая форма I had been walking I’d been walking You had been walking You’d been walking He’d been walking She’d been walking It’d been walking We’d been walking You’d been walking He had been walking She had been walking It had been walking We had been walking You had been walking They had been walking They’d been walking Отрицание Вопрос Полная форма Краткая форма I had not been walking I hadn’t been walking You had not been walk­ You hadn’t been walking ing He had not been walking He hadn’t been walking She had not been walk­ She hadn’t been walking ing It had not been walking It hadn’t been walking We had not been walking We hadn’t been walking You had not. been walk­ You hadn’t been walking ing They had not been walk­ They hadn’t been walk­ ing ing Had I been walking? Had you been walking? Had he been walking? Had she been walking? Had it been walking? Had we been walking? Had you been walking? Had they been walking? Exercise 79. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из следующих предложений. 1. Не had already been working for 2 hours by 8 a.m. 2. It had been raining all night yesterday. 3. They had been playing for 30 min­ utes when Mom called. 4. They had already been watching a film for 15 minutes when I woke up. 5. They had been swimming for too long when the rain started. Exercise 80. Постройте альтернативные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: They had been playing football for 2 hours before it got dark (basketball). — Had they been playing football or basketball for 2 hours before it got dark? 1. Margaret had been cooking stew for 3 hours when I came (beefstroganoff). 2. It had been raining all day yesterday (snowing). 3. His fingers hurt because he had been playing the guitar all day (the piano). 4. The Simpsons had been living in the same house for twelve years before they decided to move (eleven). 5. The students had been writing a composition for 2 hours before the bell rang (a test). Exercise 81. Постройте специальные вопросы из следующих предложений. We had been doing the report for 2 hours when the boss came (What). — What had you been doingfor 2 hours when the boss came? 1. The neighbours had been working in the garden all the day before it started to rain (Who). 2. She had been singing for 3 hours without stops before her voice disappeared (What). 3. James had been work­ ing at the theatre for more than a year before he left for Los Angeles (Where). 4. Lily was tired because she had been working out too long (Who). 5. Nick had been waiting for 15 minutes when Marissa came (How long). Exercise 82. Постройте разделительные вопросы из следующих предложений. 1. Не came home wet yesterday. Не had been running under the rain again. 2. My friends were tired. They had been dancing all the night. 3. It had been snowing all night yesterday. 4. Katie had been reading a book all the night before she saw the crack of dawn. 5. We had been listening to music before you came. Случаи употребления Past Perfect Continuous 1. Действие, которое длилось до определенного момента в прошлом: Не had been waiting for an hour before she arrived. 2. Длительное действие, которое имело видимый резуль­ тат в прошлом: Не was tired. Не had been cleaning all the morning. Exercise 83. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect Continuous. Объясните, почему необходимо использовать именно эту временную форму. 1. Не came home with a black eye and all in dirt yesterday. He (fight). 2. Her eyes were red. She (cry). 3. Mandy and Tob had to can­ cel the trip that they (look forward to). 4. Mr. Lightwood (work) in the factory for 13 years when he got redundant. 5. They (listen) to music and dancing before the police came. 6. Eric had a headache because he (play) computer all night. 7. He (read) for 2 hours before I came. 8. How long ...you (study) by the time when you fell asleep? 9. He fell asleep so early because he (work) all night. 10. I got bored because I (listen) to the lecture for 3 hours. Exercise 84. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. В 2012 году Джек работал учителем уже 2 года. 2. Спектакль был чудесный. Родители готовили декорации две недели. 3. Вся кухня была в муке. Папа и дети готовили пирог два часа. 4. Он рисовал картину два часа, когда решил её порвать. 5. Эльза ехала за рулём уже 8 часов, когда решила остановиться и отдохнуть. Future Simple. Будущее простое время Будущее простое время используется для выражения спонтан­ ных решений, фактов в будущем, обещаний, угроз, предложений, просьб и т. д. Future Simple образуется следующим образом: Утверждение Полная форма Краткая форма Отрицание Полная форма Краткая форма Вопрос Will I jump? 1 will not jump I won’t jump You won’t Will you You will not jump jump? jump He will not jump He won’t jump Will he jump? Will she jump? She won’t She will not jump jump Will it jump? It will jump It’ll jump It will not jump It won’t jump We won’t jump Will we jump? We will not We will jump We’ll jump jump You won’t Will you You’ll jump You will not You will jump? jump jump jump Will they They won’t They’ll jump They will not They will jump jump? jump jump I will jump I'll jump You will You’ll jump jump He will jump He’ll jump She will jump She’ll jump Exercise 85. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из данных предложений. Например: I will call you. — I won’t call you. Will you call me? 1. They will start learning English next year. 2. We will go to Ha­ waii next month. 3. The students will listen to the lecture of a famous professor tomorrow. 4. Jack will help us. 5. Mary will go to the theatre with you. Exercise 86. Постройте альтернативные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: I will invite you for lunch (dinner). — Will you invite me for lunch or for dinner? 1. He will go to the park with us (the zoo). 2. Paul will take a driving test tomorrow (Jill). 3. We will have spaghetti for lunch (rice). 4. The children will watch a film (a cartoon). 5. It will get cold soon (hot). О <9 © MOTE Exercise 87. Постройте специальные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: Luke will build a sandcastle tomorrow (Who). — Who will build a sandcastle tomorrow? 1. The team will lose this match (Who). 2. Bob will come home to­ morrow at 5 o’clock (What time). 3. Jeremy will send you an e-mail (What). 4. The student will be late for the class (Why). 5. Helen will depart for Rome tomorrow (Where). Exercise 88. Постройте разделительные вопросы из следующих предложений. Например: We will play football tomorrow. — We will playfootball tomorrow, won't we? 1. The taxi will arrive in 5 minutes. 2. You won’t give up. 3. He will help us with the project. 4. They will invite him to the wedding. 5. Steven won’t tell us the truth. Случаи употребления Future Simple Tense 1. Для обозначения только что принятого решения: It’s stuffy in the room. I will open the window. 2. Для обозначения просьб, обещаний, угроз, предложе­ ний, страхов, надежд, предсказаний, не основанных на ре­ альных фактах: I promise I will come. If you don’t study well, I won’t let you go to the prom. I think you will not pass the exam. 3. Для обозначения чего-либо, что случится независимо от нас: The baby will be bom in December. 4. Для обозначения каких-либо действий в будущем, в ко­ торых мы не уверены: Maybe we will go to work on Saturday. 5. Для выражения предложений co словами / и we исполь­ зуется вспомогательный глагол shall'. Shall we go? — Пойдем? Shall I help you? — Тебе помочь? ----------------- ------------- - Exercise 89. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple. Объясните, почему необходимо употребить именно эту временную форму. 1.1 am thirsty. I... (take) some milk. 2. ... we visit the museum this weekend? 3. Perhaps, my brother (come) to the party. 4. I am afraid Bill (not come) today. 5. In 2060 robots (do) all the housework. 6.1 promise I (not lie) anymore. 7. Bob and Jack go to the cinema. I (go) with them. 8.1 think he (wait) for us. 9. It’s late. ... we (go)? 10. You are so cute! I... (kiss) you now! Для обозначения будущего также используются формы Present Simple, Present Continuous и конструкция to be going to. Сравните: Present Simple: The train leaves at 6 a.m. The classes start at 8 a.m. (расписание). Present Continuous: I am seeing my dentist on Monday. We are flying to Munich tomorrow (план, который, скорее всего, воплотится в реальность, так как всё уже организовано). То be going to: I am going to buy this car. — Я собираюсь купить эту машину (план). Look at this dark cloud! It is going to rain. — Предсказание, основанное на видимых знаках. Exercise 90. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Future Simple или употребляя конструкцию to be going to. 1. We must hurry up! The train (leave) in five minutes. 2. Sorry, I can’t accept your invitation. I (meet) my groupmatcs on Friday night. 3. I think he (not succeed). 4. The soda you are drinking is too cold. You (fall ill)! 5. The film (start) at 7 p.m. Don’t be late! 6. Don’t run so fast! You (fall down). 7. Do you feel cold? I (give) you a blanket. 8.1 (not let) you down. 9. When ... you (visit) us? 10. I hope you (pass) the test. Exercise 91. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Future Simple или употребляя конструкцию to be going to. 1. Do you need apples to make a pie? I (go) to the supermarket immediately! 2. — Are you watching TV tonight? — Yes, I (watch) a football match. 3. — ... we turn left? — Actually, I think the museum is on the right. 4. — Do you have a stomachache? — Yes, 1 (see) my doctor tomorrow. 5. — What... you (wear) for the party? — My white jeans and a red top. 6. The meeting (start) at 7 a.m. 7. We (give) this kitten to our son for his birthday. Look at it! — Oh, I think your son (be) delighted. 8. What time ... you (start) work? 9. This horse is too slow. It (lose) the race. 10.... you call me tomorrow, please? Exercise 92. Переведите на английский язык. Помните о различных способах выражения будущих действий. 1. Во сколько отправляется ваш самолёт? 2. — Мы собираемся в театр завтра. — Мне подвезти вас в театр на машине? 3. Завтра я встречаюсь с клиентом. 4. Я думаю, он будет инженером. 5. Ты сгоришь! Намажься кремом. 6. Кто идет завтра в кино? 7. Я обе­ щаю, что мой сын не опоздает! 8. Мы собираемся поехать на морс летом. 9. Я никогда не забуду тебя. 10. Я плохо себя чувствую. Я брошу курить! Future Continuous/Progressive Tense. Будущее длительное время Будущее длительное время используется для обозначения дей­ ствий, которые будут длиться в определенный момент в будущем. Утверждение Отрицание Полная Краткая Полная форма Краткая форма форма форма I will be walking I’ll be walking I will not be walking I won’t be walking You will be You’ll be walking You will not be You won’t be walkwalking walking ing He will be walk- He’ll be walking He will not be He won’t be walking walking ing She will be She’ll be walking She will not be She won’t be walkwalking walking ing It will be walk- It’ll be walking It will not be walk- It won’t be walking mg mg We will be We’ll be walking We will not be We won’t be walkwalking walking ing You will be You’ll be walking You will not be You won’t be walkwalking walking ing They will be They’ll be walk- They will not be They won’t be walking walking walking ing Вопрос Will I be walking? Will you be walking? Will he be walking? Will she be walking? Will it be walking? Will we be walking? Will you be walking? Will they be walking? Exercise 93. Постройте отрицания и общие вопросы из данных предложений. Например: I will be reading a book at 4 p.m. tomorrow. — I won’t be reading a book at 4 p.m. tomorrow. Will you be reading a book at 4 p.m. tomorrow? 1. Don’t call me at night. I will be sleeping. 2. I will be dancing at your wedding party tomorrow! 3. They will be taking an exam tomor­ row morning. 4. Ginger will be flying to Berlin tomorrow at this time. 5. We will be sunbathing tomorrow. Exercise 94. Постройте альтернативные вопросы из данных предложений. Mr. Bradley will invite us to the cinema. — Will he invite us to the cinema or to the theatre? 1. I won’t be listening to a lecture tomorrow (writing). 2. He will be translating this text all morning tomorrow (this poem). 3. Our neigh­ bour will be mowing the grass at 8 a.m. tomorrow (drilling the wall). 4. Mrs. Eastwood will be cooking fish tomorrow at 12 (meat). 5. Pam will be washing up tomorrow at 10 a.m. (sleeping). Exercise 95. Постройте специальные вопросы из данных предложений. Jacky will be reading a book tomorrow at 11 (What) — What will Jacky be reading tomorrow at 11? 1. She will be helping her mom all the morning tomorrow (Who). 2. The students will be preparing for the exam tomorrow (What... for). 3. Mike will be singing in the concert hall at this time tomorrow (Where). 4. We will be opening our Christmas presents at this time tomorrow (What). 5. Luke will be swimming in the Caribbean next week (When). Exercise 96. Постройте разделительные вопросы из данных предложений. 1. You will be listening to a boring lecture tomorrow morning. 2. The kids will be playing backgammon in the evening. 3. You will be sleeping when I come. 4. They will be drinking tea at 7 p.m. tomorrow. 5. Harriet will be watching the competition tomorrow. Случаи употребления Future Continuous Tense 1. Для обозначения действий, которые будут происходить в определенный момент в будущем: Не will be sleeping at 5 a.m. tomorrow. 2. Для обозначения действий, которые точно произойдут в будущем, потому что являются частью плана, заведенного порядка: I will be playing football at 5 on Friday (I play every Friday). 3. Чтобы спросить кого-либо о планах, так как нам тре­ буется его услуга: What will you be doing tomorrow in the afternoon? I need some help with the children. Exercise 97. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Continuous Tense. Объясните, почему необходимо использовать именно эту форму. 1. What ... you (do) tomorrow at 2 p.m.? 2.1 can’t go with you, I (train) with the coach tomorrow at 6 p.m. 3. Miriam (plan) a trip tomorrow at 3 p.m. 4. The child (feed) animals at the zoo tomorrow. .. 5.. you (sleep) tomorrow at 11 p.m.? Can I call you? 6. Timmy (write) a letter to his Granny tomorrow at 11 a.m. 7. We (decorate) the Christ­ mas tree tomorrow after work. 8. We (skate) on Saturday. 9. Eric (read) a newspaper during breakfast tomorrow, as he always does. 10. The boxers (fight) at 3 p.m. tomorrow. Exercise 98. Переведите на английский язык. 1. Завтра в пять часов вечера мы будем делать домашнее зада­ ние. 2. Спортсмены будут бегать вокруг стадиона завтра в 8 утра. 3. Что ты будешь делать завтра в час? 4. Я буду ждать тебя. 5. Мы будем смотреть фильм с друзьями в пятницу вечером, как всегда. 6. Завтра в это время я буду читать нудные документы. 7. Кто бу­ дет выступать на сцене завтра в 3 часа дня? 8. Мы будем кататься на роликах завтра в 6 вечера. 9. Кто будет читать лекцию завтра в 9:20? 10. Я буду ехать домой с работы завтра в это время. Future Perfect Tense. Будущее совершенное время Future Perfect Tense используется для обозначения действия, которое завершится к определенному моменту в будущем. Например: We will have done the task by midnight. Это время часто используется со следующими словами: by, till, until (by — употребляется преимущественно в утверждениях, till, untill — в отрицаниях). We will have reached the station by 3 p.m. We won’t have reached the station until 3 p.m. Future Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов •will have и причастия прошедшего времени. Утверждение | Полная форма Краткая форма Отрицание Краткая Полная форма форма 1 will not have I won’t have written written You won’t have You will have written You’ll have written You will not have written written He will have written He’ll have written He will not He won’t have have written written She will have written She’ll have written She will not She won’t have have written written It will have written It’ll have written It will not have It won’t have written written We will have written We’ll have written We will not We won’t have have written written You will have written You’ll have written You will not You won’t have have written written They will have writ­ They’ll have written They will not They won’t have ten have written written Вопрос 1 Will we have written? Will 1 have written? Will you have written? Will you have written? Will he have written? Will they have written? Will she have written? Will it have written? I will have written I’ll have written Exercise 99. Постройте отрицания и вопросы из данных предложений. Например: J will have arrived in the city by 7 p.m. — I won't have arrived in the city until 7 p.m. Will you have arrived in the city by 7 p.m. ? 1. He will have painted my portrait by June. 2. The shoemaker will have fixed your boots by Monday. 3. The rain will have stopped by night. 4. He will have cooked the dinner by 7 p.m. 5. They will have signed the contract by Friday. Exercise 100. Постройте альтернативные вопросы из данных предложений. Например: They will have taken a decision by Monday (Tues­ day). — Will they have taken a decision by Monday or Tuesday? 1. The writer will have finished his book by May (by March). 2.1 will have prepared the report by midnight (the presentation). 3. They will have arranged their wedding by August (September). 4. He will have cleaned the house by 4 p.m. (5 p.m.). 5. They will have built the school by 2019(2020). Exercise 101. Постройте специальные вопросы из данных предложений. Например: Jeremy will have arrived by this time (Who). — Who will have arrived by this time? 1. The tailor will have made the dress by the wedding day (What). 2. He will have finished the book by June (Who). 3. The partners will have discussed the project by 10 p.m. (What). 4. The concert will have finished by midnight (What). 5. We will have been friends for 3 years by next year (Who). Exercise 102. Постройте разделительные вопросы из данных предложений. 1. You will have finished the test by 2 p.m. 2. They will have re­ stored the monument by summer. 3. The government will have risen the prices by next year. 4. The police will have caught the criminal by next week. 5. My sister will have arrived by 4 p.m. Exercise 103. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Perfect Tense. Объясните, почему необходимо использовать именно это время. 1. They (be) a couple for 2 years by July. 2. I (graduate) by 2019. 3. Mary (not read) the book until Wednesday. 4. The countries (sign) a peace treaty by August. 5. Albert (not finish) work until 7 p.m. 6. Ruth (come) home by this time tomorrow. 7. The climbers (reach) the peak by 4 p.m. 8. We (do) the task by 6 p.m. 9. My friend (not arrive) until 10 p.m. 10. The party (not finish) until the dawn. Exercise 104. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. 1. Они подпишут договор к пятнице. 2. Секретарь напечатает документы к полудню. 3. Я прочитаю книгу к концу следующей недели. 4. Они снимут новый фильм к 2020 году. 5. Они выплатят кредит к следующему году. 6. Мы изучим тему к следующей не­ деле. 7. Я не закончу работу к двум часам. 8. Переговоры не за­ кончатся до полуночи. 9. Мы не доберемся до лагеря до вечера. 10. Джек придет домой к пяти часам. Future Perfect Continuous. Будущее совершенное длительное время Future Perfect Continuous используется для обозначения дли­ тельного действия, которое завершится к определенному моменту в будущем. Обратите внимание на то, как переводятся предложе­ ния с Future Perfect Continuous на русский язык. By this time next year we will have been studying English for one year. — К этому времени в следующем году будет уже год, как мы изучаем английский. Future Perfect Continuous образуется следующим образом: Утверждение Полная форма Краткая форма I’ll have been waiting You’ll have been waiting He’ll have been waiting She’ll have been waiting It’ll have been waiting We’ll have been waiting You’ll have been waiting They’ll have been waiting 1 will have been waiting You will have been waiting He will have been waiting She will have been waiting It will have been waiting We will have been waiting You will have been waiting They will have been waiting Отрицание ------------------------------------- § X X х к Полная форма Краткая форма I will not have been wait­ ing You will not have been waiting He will not have been waiting She will not have been waiting I won’t have been wait­ ing You won’t have been waiting He won’t have been waiting She won’t have been waiting Вопрос Will I have been waiting? Will you have been wait­ ing? Will he have been wait­ ing? Will she have been wait­ ing? Отрицание Полная форма Вопрос Краткая форма It will not have been wait­ It won’t have been wait­ ing ing We will not have been We won’t have been waiting waiting You won’t have been You will not have been waiting waiting They won’t have been They will not have been waiting waiting Will it have been wait­ ing? Will we have been wait­ ing? Will you have been wait­ ing? Will they have been wait­ ing? Exercise 105. Постройте отрицания и общие вопросы из данных предложений. Не will have been living abroad for 6 months by July. — He won’t have been living abroadfor 6 months by July. Will he have been living abroadfor 6 months by July? 1. By the time we reach Las Vegas, we will have been driving for four hours. 2. Sarah will have been studying French for 2 years by sum­ mer. 3. By 5 o’clock Lucy will have been waiting for them for 3 hours. 4. Next year 1 will have been working as a doctor for 4 years. 5. He will have been playing computer for 3 hours by midnight. Exercise 106. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Future Perfect Continuous. 1. She (cook) for 4 hours by the time they come. 2. I will have a coffee break with you because 1 (work) for 6 hours by this time. 3. He will be tired in the evening because he (train) in the gym for 3 hours by then. 4. She (not write) the book for four months by the end of October 5. How long ... you (learn) Spanish by next year? 6. Captain Mitchel (sail) for 3 years by 2018. 7. He (work) at his thesis for 2 years by De­ cember. 8. The scientists (study) the phenomenon for 5 years by next year. 9. How long ... you (do) yoga by April? 10. They (discuss) the project for 2 hours by 8 p.m. Exercise 107. Переведите на английский язык. 1. В июне исполнится два года, как мы живем в Москве. 2. В следующем году будет уже пять лет, как я работаю в компании. 3. В июне будет уже три месяца, как мы изучаем китайский язык. 4. Он будет уставшим на вечеринке, потому что он будет работать 8 часов до нес. 5. В пять часов будет уже три часа, как я её жду. Ключи Exercise 1.1. This isn’t my house. 2. Angelica isn’t a good singer. 3. You aren’t amazing. 4. They aren’t my classmates. 5. Luke isn’t 5 years old. 6. Phoebe isn’t from Australia. 7. The dinner isn’t on the table. 8. You aren’t my friend. 9. My birthday isn’t on the 10lh of April. 10. Winter isn’t hot. Exercise 2.1. Is this your brother? 2. Is the car red? 3. Is it Thursday today? 4. Was he very angry yesterday? 5. Will the meeting be tomorrow in the morning? 6. Will you be at home at 5 p.m.? 7. Were they happy to see you? 8. Was he wrong? 9. Are you right? 10. Is it 10 o’clock? Exercise 3.1.1 was at the cinema yesterday. The film was good. 2. Where are you now? 3.1 will be busy tomorrow. 4. Tom was cute when he was a child. 5. She was not happy to see me last Monday. 6. They will be here in five minutes. 7. Let’s go to some cafd. 1 am very hungry. 8. Where will you be tomorrow? 9. He is a very good person. 10. They are my best friends. Exercise 4.1. Я был занят весь день. Теперь я очень устал. 2. Я не интересуюсь книгами, но я увлекаюсь музыкой. 3. Она влюблена в нового студента. 4. Отец зол на сына. 5. Я уверен, что вы ошибаетесь. 6. Мириам очень увлечена верховой ездой. 7. Извините, я опоздаю на встречу завтра. 8. Вы готовы? 9. Я рад, что я был прав. 10. Вы влюблены в меня? Exercise 5.1.1 am afraid you are wrong. 2. — Arc you hungry? — No, I am not. But I am thirsty. 3.1 am not ill, I am tired. 4. Are you angry with me? 5.1 am sorry. 6.1 am late for classes. 7. This professor is not mistaken. 8. Robert is in love with her. 9.1 am sure you are right. 10.1 am ready for everything. Exercise 6.2. He flies. 3. He runs. 4. He smiles. 5. He says. 6. He cooks. 7. He goes. 8. He gives. Exercise 7. |S| |iz] И Makes takes speaks likes visits respects laughs writes works talks Washes splashes kisses dances touches pinches fixes teaches rushes mixes Plays repairs learns brings loves sings rides climbs travels sells Exercise 8.1. walks 2. like 3. watches 4. visit 5. take 6. cooks 7. phone 8. departs 9. live 10. eats Exercise 9. 1. We don’t go to the seaside every summer. Do we go to the seaside every summer? 2. She doesn’t play with children very well. Does she play with children very well? 3. Our neighbours don’t make a lot of noise. Do your neighbours make a lot of noise? 4. They don’t often talk about weather. Do they often talk about weather? 5. Jane doesn’t watch TV in the evening. Does Jane watch TV in the evening? 6. Tom doesn’t read books in the evening. Does Tom read books in the evening? 7. Cats don’t cat mice. Do cats eat mice? 8. Spring doesn’t come before summer. Does spring come before summer? 9. The Charlestons don’t invite us every summer. Do the Charlestons invite us every Sunday? 10. The snow doesn’t melt when it’s hot. Does the snow melt when it’s hot? Exercise 10.1. Do you like to play soccer or rugby? 2. Does he have a new or an old car? 3. Does she have a sister or a brother? 4. Does Mike dance or sing well? 5. Do you want to buy a new computer or a tablet? 6. Do they go to the mountains or to the seaside every year? 7. Does my brother like to play football or basketball? 8. Do my friends go to school or to the university every day? 9. Do the Italians like pizza or pasta? 10. Does he live in New York or in Washington? Exercise 11.1. When does Mr. Brown arrive in New York? 2. Why do you get up at 5 a.m. every day? 3. What does he study at the university? 4. Why do they always argue? 5. How much does this dress cost? 6. How many apples do you have? 7. Where does he live alone? 8. Where does Mr. Davies travel every summer? 9. Why does your sister do the shopping every week? 10. What time do you have breakfast every morning? Exercise 12.1. Who drinks a lot of water? 2. Who feels cold? 3. Who comes from England? 4. Who always buys bread? 5. Who goes to the restaurant every Sunday? 6. Who has a beautiful smile? 7. Who paints very well? 8. Who watches TV in the evening? 9. Who always surfs the internet before going to sleep? 10. Who reads a lot of newspapers? Exercise 13. 1. It rains a lot in England, doesn’t it? 2. They walk in the park every day, don’t they? 3. He helps to do the housework, doesn’t he? 4. Mary always does the ironing, doesn’t she? 5. The baby always smiles, doesn’t it? 6. The farmer feeds the animals three times a day, doesn’t he? 7. Tom doesn’t study enough, does he? 8. They don’t go out, do they? 9. She doesn’t help, does she? 10. We don’t tidy up every day, do we? Exercise 14.1. The match starts at 8 p.m. (расписание). 2. The Sun rises in the east (общая истина). 3. The child doesn’t read well (факт). 4. What do you see? (глагол чувственного восприятия). 5. They call me every day (повторяющееся действие). 6.1 will call you as soon as I come (придаточное предложение времени). 7. He will come if you invite him (придаточное условия). 8. What do you do? — I am an engineer (факт). 9. He arrives at the airport, checks in, goes to the departure lounge (последовательность действий). 10. The train departs at 11:30 (расписание). Exercise 15. 1. I have breakfast every day. 2. Do you work? 3. Where do you work? 4. What do you do? 5. The hurricane season starts in June in the USA. 6. My sister sings well. 7. The plane takes off at half past two. 8. What do you study every day? 9. Who usually vacuums in your family? 10. Why do they always quarrel? Exercise 16. 2. putting 3. selling 4. making 5. lying 6. reading 7. drying 8. cooking 9. singing 10. tuning 11. playing 12. writing 13. drawing 14. clapping 15. rising. Exercise 17. 1. He is not reading a book. Is he reading a book? 2. Alice is not taking a shower. Is Alice taking a shower? 3. The kids are not playing in the garden. Are the kids playing in the garden? 4. Nobody is knocking on the door. Is somebody knocking on the door? 5. They are not quarrelling. Are they quarrelling? Exercise 18.1. Are you having tea or coffee? 2. Is he going to school or to the kindergarten? 3. Is my (your) neighbour listening to music or watching TV? 4. Are we seeing Mark on Monday or Tuesday? 5. Is he choosing a new telephone or a new computer? Exercise 19. 1. Who is answering the phone? 2. When are you (we) going sightseeing? 3. What is he vacuuming? I What is he doing? 4. What is Granny looking for? 5. How is the sportsman running? 6. Who is chewing my shoe? 7. Where is the eagle flying? 8. Where are we going this weekend? 9. What magazine is the teacher reading? 10. Who is writing a programme? Exercise 20.1. The dog is barking at me, isn’t it? 2.1 am composing a text, aren’t I? 3. He is not dialling my number, is he? (AM.: dialing) 4. We are moving to a new flat tomorrow, aren’t we? 5. You are not listening to me, are you? Exercise 21.1. What are you looking for? Iam looking for my pen (прямо сейчас). 2.. she is working as а... (временная ситуация) 3. He is constantly scattering his... .. (раздражающая привычка) 4. Sally is visiting ... (план на будущее) 5. Your English is getting ... (развивающаяся ситуация) 6. You are being stupid! (непривычное поведение) 7. Why are you smiling? (прямо сейчас) 8.1 am working, (прямо сейчас) 9.1 am living... (временная ситуация) 10. Tom is getting... (Том постепенно меняется) Exercise 22.1. What are you doing tomorrow evening? 2. Look! The kitten is drinking milk. 3. The weather is getting better and better. 4.1 am staying in “Best Western” hotel this week. 5. My son is constantly playing computer games! 6. The universe is constantly changing. 7. Who is playing football now? 8. What are you looking for? 9. What’s wrong with you? You are being impolite today! 10. Listen! Mike is playing the guitar. Exercise 23.1. Our scats are too far. I don’t see the actors. 2. Are you reading now? 3. What is this smell? Arc you smoking? 4. He knows my sister. 5. Miranda is working harder and harder but nobody appreciates it. 6. Sophie hates being interrupted. 7. Switch off the TV. Nobody is watching. 8. It is snowing. Put on your hat! 9.1 always have a headache in the morning. 10.1 am listening to you, but 1 don’t hear. Exercise 24.1.1 am thinking about starting a new project. 2.1 think he is a good person. 3. —Why are you smelling the milk? — Because it smells bad... 4. — What are you looking at? — I am looking at Jane. She looks gorgeous in this evening dress. 5. Sorry, I cannot go out with you on Sunday. I am seeing my dentist. 6. Velvet feels soft and looks soft too. 7. Oh, I don’t see where you are. ... 8.... and I am feeling my way in the dark. .. He is having a shower. 10.... I have a new computer now. 9.. Exercise 25.1. He is taking a nap. Call back later, please. 2. What is this smell? What is burning? 3. He always helps us a lot. 4.1 always get up at 7 o’clock. 5. Don’t take this book. Ann is reading it. 6. Do you often go to the cinema? 7. You are not listening to me. What are you thinking about? 8. It is getting warmer and warmer. 9.1 do not see what you mean. 10. Why are you looking at this photo with such attention? Exercise 26.1. Look! She is dancing. 2. He is always forgetting his umbrella somewhere! 3. Come to me when you have free time. 4. We are leaving at 11 o’clock tomorrow. 5. Don’t say that! You are being ridiculous! 6. Don’t make noise! I am trying to work. 7. Bob is always cheating at the exam! 8. We are meeting at California Bakery on Friday. Would you like to join us? 9. My singing class starts at 8 o’clock and finishes at 9. 10. The soup tastes sweet. It’s strange. Exercise 27.1. Our planet is getting hotter and hotter. 2. Why are you feeling the baby’s forehead? 3. — What are you doing in London? I didn’t know you were here! — 1 am visiting my relatives. 4. Water freezes in winter. 5. Come to my place tonight. We are watching a new film with Tom and Jim. 6. Brian surfs well. 7. Do you know what to do now? 8. Life is getting more and more difficult with years. 9. Hurry up! The bus leaves in 15 minutes. 10. If you do a lot of exercises, your grammar will get better soon. Exercise 28.1. What do you usually do in the evening? 2. Jill speaks five languages. 3.1 drink 7 cups of coffee a day. 4. The man in a black coat looks like Tom Cruise. 5. What do you think of this film? 6. You are always watching TV when I want to sleep! 7. The moon is moving around the Earth. 8. It snows in winter. 9.1 am having breakfast now. 10. What time are we meeting on Friday? Exercise 29. 1. jumped 2. smiled 3. robbed 4. tried 5. banned 6. buried 7. admitted 8. fried 9. suffered 10. stepped 11. received 12. prayed 7. known 8. flown 9. drawn 10. given 11. forgiven 12. dived Exercise 30. 1. think — thought 2. bought 3. brought 4. sent 5. spent 6. met Exercise 31. 1. rise — risen 2. raised 3. lain 4. laid 5. separated 6. written 7. jogged 8. meant 9. cried 10. followed 11. thrown 12. agreed 13. wanted 14. swum 15. become 16. begun Exercise 32. lid] It] Id] Wanted decided ended hated intended needed started tasted tested waited Kicked cooked coughed dropped hoped kissed looked sniffed stepped tapped Played bathed closed loved phoned showed snowed tidied travelled tried Exercise 33.1.1 haven’t been to Scotland. Have you been to Scotland? 2. You haven’t seen Mike today. Have you seen Mike today? 3. Alison hasn’t bought a new dress. Has Alison bought a new dress? 4. The child hasn’t eaten his porridge. Has the child eaten his porridge? 5.1 haven’t been here since 5 o’clock. Have you (I) been here since 5 o’clock? Exercise 34.1. Has he just met Cleo or Theo? 2. Has he had two glasses of wine or of champagne? 3. Have you made an apple or a cherry pie? 4. Has it rained or snowed here? 5. Has the student learnt the topic or the poem? Exercise 35.1. What has your husband brought home? 2. Who has had a wonderful dinner? 3. How many times have you been to England? 4. Who has Granny cooked a cake for? 5. Who has put down the fire? Exercise 36.1.1 have switched off the light, haven’t I? 2. You have phoned me, haven’t you? 3. He has already checked in, hasn’t he? 4. She has lost weight, hasn’t she? 5. The bus has already left, hasn’t it? 6. The film hasn’t finished yet, has it? 7. The doctor has already come, hasn’t he? 8. They have never seen the sea, have they? 9. The concert has just started, hasn’t it? 10. Their teacher hasn’t come into the classroom, has he/she? Exercise 37.1. for 2. for 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. since 7. for 8. since 9. for 10. since Exercise 38.1.1 have finished my painting. 2. My Mom has called me three times this morning. 3.1 haven’t done this exercise yet. 4. Have you ever been to Nigeria? 5.1 have known him since 2002. 6. She has just laid the table. 7. The weather has been nasty since morning. 8. How long have you been in the room? 9. Where have you been? 10.1 have wanted to go to Disneyland since childhood. Exercise 39.1. - Have you already read this book? - No, I haven’t read it yet. - How long have you had it? -1 have already had it for two weeks. 2.1 have made three dresses this month. 3. - Have you ever been to Barcelona? - Yes, I have. But I have never been to Madrid. 4.1 have already known Edwin for two years. 5. His brother had already lived in China for nine years. 6. He had been ill since Tuesday. 7. The boy had broken my doll. Could you-please buy me a new one? 8. We have already been in the park for two hours. 9. Anthony had just called you. 10.1 haven’t seen this film so far. Exercise 40.1. The student hasn’t been preparing for the exam for two weeks. Has the student been preparing for the exam for two weeks? 2. They haven’t been dancing for half an hour. Have they been dancing for half an hour? 3.1 haven’t been waiting for you all my life. Have you been waiting for me all your life? 4. She has not been working all night. Has she been working all night? 5. Richard hasn’t been training since 2 o’clock. Has Richard been training since 2 o’clock? Exercise 41.1. Has Margaret been reading a book or a magazine for 3 hours? 2. Have they been cooking or cleaning for a long time? 3. Has he been running or walking since 2 o’clock? 4. Have my friends been watching a film or listening to music all day long? 5. Have we been driving since yesterday or since Monday? 6. Has Eric been swimming or diving for 1 hour? 7. Has it been raining or snowing since yesterday? 8. Has Rachel been taking a shower or a bath for 30 minutes? 9. Has my friend been learning English or French for 2 months? 10. Has Harry been waiting for Ann or Lucy for 2 hours? Exercise 42.1. Why has Mark been running under the rain for 30 minutes? 2. How long has Tom been writing a letter? 3. How long has the architect been making a sketch? 4. What have the students been writing since morning? I What have the students been doing since morning? 5. Who has been talking for hours? 6. What has the ballerina been doing since morning? 7. What have you been surfing the internet for since you came home? 8. Who has been playing football all afternoon? 9. What has Billy been eating? I What has Billy been doing? 10. Who has been reading a lecture for 2 hours? Exercise 43.1. He has been washing his bike for 20 minutes, hasn’t he? 2. He has been fighting, hasn’t he? 3. He has been working as a doctor for 2 years, hasn’t he? 4. We have been thinking of buying a house since last year, haven’t we? 5. Chris has been trying to fix the motorbike since Wednesday, hasn’t he? 6. Mr. Kenett hasn’t been working all day long, has he? 7. Dr. Smith has been looking through the papers all morning, hasn’t he? 8. The children haven’t been playing since 5 p.m., have they? 9. They have been skiing since morning, haven’t they? 10. You have been choosing a computer for three days, haven’t you? Exercise 44. l.They have been gardening since morning (действие началось утром и продолжается до сих пор). 2. What have you been doing for the last 20 minutes (задаем вопрос о том, что началось 20 минут назад и продолжается до сих пор)? 3. Не is a perfect basketball player. Не has been playing since he was 12 years old (действие длилось 12 лег в прошлом — результат в настоящем). 4. it has been raining at night. The asphalt is wet (действие длилось в прошлом. Результат в настоящем). 5.1 have been listening to the radio for 5 hours (действие началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего момента). 6. Не has been running for almost 40 minutes. Now he is taking a shower (действие длилось в прошлом. Результат в настоящем). 7. You don’t understand because you haven’t been listening (действие длилось в прошлом, результат в настоящем). 8. How long have you been learning English? (мы задаем вопрос о длительности действия, которое еще нс закончилось). 9. They have been playing golf for four hours (действие началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего момента). 10. She has been working in the office since 5 a.m. (действие началось в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор). Exercise 45.1. How long have you been studying English? 2. They have already been watching TV for forty minutes. 3. He has already been cooking dinner for almost three hours. 4. How long has she been dating your brother? 5. They have already been riding a bike for two hours. 6. You have been playing computer for too long. You have red eyes. 7. Why have you been crying? 8. He has been listening to music all morning. 9. It has already been snowing for three days. 10. He has already been learning to play the guitar for two weeks. Exercise 46.1. They have been waiting for you all the morning. 2. — Mary has just phoned you. — Why? — Because you have forgotten to pick up children from the kindergarten. 3.1 have just come home. 4.1 have been gardening all the morning. 5.1 have finished to work in the garden. Aren’t these roses splendid? 6.1 have already had a cup of coffee. 7. The children have been playing tennis since morning. 8. Have you written an email to your boss? 9. Why haven’t you invited Lucy yet? 10.1 have been calling you all morning! Where have you been? 11.1 have called you five times and haven't reached you. 12. How long have you been here? 13. She has already been studying English for 5 years. 14. Sorry, your child has had a fight at school and now the Headmistress would like to talk to you. 15.1 have never lost anything in my life. Exercise 47.1. An important file has disappeared from my table. 2. Flowers have been disap­ pearing from my garden since our new neighbours moved into the house next door. 3. Mrs. Johnson has given 3,000 pounds for charity this year. 4.1 have been reading this textbook for hours. 5. She has known him since 1999.6. What have you been doing all this time? 7. We haven’t seen him for 3 days. 8. The dog has been barking for 15 minutes. 9. It has been raining. 1 see the puddles in the street. 10. Have you ever been to Brisbane? Exercise 48.1. They have already been studying for 3 hours. 2. Mike has been studying English for 3 months. 3.1 have already washed the dishes. 4. Have you ever been to Sin­ gapore? 5.1 haven’t seen Jim for a week. 6.1 have been thinking of your offer all the day. 7.1 have done three exercises today. 8. It has been raining since morning. 9.1 have been waiting for you for one hour. 10. She has been making a cake for 3 hours and she hasn’t finished yet. 11. He has been very busy lately. 12.1 have never been to Jamaica. 13. He has broken a finger. 14.1 have written ten letters to you. But you haven’t answered yet. 15. How long have you been running? Exercise 49. 7. rubbed 10. married 1. brushed 4. cried 2. advised 5. cured 8. preceded 11. noted 6. relied 9. pulled 12. kissed 4. flew 7. met 10. was 2. sang 5. drew 8. understood 11. became 3. caught 6. bought 9. thought 12. began 4. went 5. said 6. matched 7. painted 10. gave 8. did 9. reached 11. dried 12. joked 3. clapped Exercise 50. 1. drank Exercise 51. 1. came 2. jogged 3. took Exercise 52. 1. He didn’t smile at me. Did he smile at me? 2. It didn’t rain yesterday. Did it rain yesterday? 3. They didn’t keep wild animals at home. Did they keep wild animals at home? 4. This work of art didn’t make him famous. Did this work of art make him famous? 5. You didn’t drink too much. Did you drink too much? Exercise 53.1. Did the football team lose or win? 2. Did you win the lottery or the game? 3. Did she wash the dishes or the clothes? 4. Did they become friends in 2010 or in 2011? 5. Did the children do their home task yesterday or the day before yesterday? Exercise 54.1. Who used to dance very well? 2. When did Thomas arrive in London? 3. Why didn’t he come? 4. What did you write to your Mom? 5. How did he swim when he was little? Exercise 55.1. You lied to me, didn’t you? 2. Lucy didn’t iron the shirts, did she? 3. We found a beautiful harbour not far from the house, didn’t we? 4. It rained yesterday, didn’t it? 5. Jim watched this film yesterday, didn’t he? Exercise 56.1. Mr. Thomson bought a new lawn-mower yesterday. 2. Alice didn’t get up late yesterday. 3. Did you learn to play music at school? 4. Jack sent me a postcard from Greece last year. 5. He didn’t do exercises yesterday. 6. Who did you meet last night? — I met Tom. 7. Who met you last night? — Tom did. 8. Why didn’t Jennifer invite me yesterday? 9.1 was in Iceland five years ago. 10. Luke gave me a smile yesterday. Exercise 57.1. We were in Spain last year. 2.1 opened a book, switched on the lamp and started reading. 3. What did you do last summer? 4. It rained yesterday. 5.1 didn’t lose an umbrella yesterday. 6. Mike came to London five years ago. 7. Mary cooked lunch one hour ago. 8.1 couldn’t get up early in the morning, when I was 25 years old. 9. Audrey Hepburn spoke French, Spanish and Italian well. 10.1 found 1,000 roubles yesterday. Exercise 58.1.1 have just seen Mike. 2. We saw a wonderful film yesterday. 3. Mary has known Tom for ages. 4.1 have known Julia since childhood. 5. Have you ever been to Canada? 6. Steve didn’t play golf 5 years ago. 7. The guys haven’t bought the tickets yet. 8. We have never been to Australia. 9. They have watched five films today. 10. Jim has never liked Chinese food. 11. When did you pay the bill? 12. Where have you been all this time? 13. Police caught the criminal yesterday. 14. Don’t be afraid. The police has already caught the criminal. 15. We used to play hide-and-seek when we were little. Exercise 59.1. — He dances very well. — Yes, he does. He has attended dancing classes. 2.1 was waiting for him but he did not come. 3. Hurry up! The train has just arrived. 4.1 haven’t read the book yet. 5. Your friends have already left. 6. They left five minutes ago. 7.1 have done six exercises today. 8. How long have you been here? 9. Did you wait for me yesterday? 10. It rained yesterday. 11. Look! He has broken his car! 12. We got acquainted five years ago. 13.1 called your uncle just now. 14. They haven’t booked the hotel yet. 15. Nick wrote me a message thirty minutes ago. Exercise 60.1.1 have already read this book. 2. He called and hang up. 3.1 have just come across Jim in the library. 4.1 broke my bicycle yesterday. 5. You can’t ride my bicycle. I have broken it. 6. Who has eaten my cake? 7. When 1 was in Miami, I used to go to the beach. 8. You have been strange lately. 9. The teacher explained this rule yesterday. 10. Have you ever been to China? 11. Who wrote “Harry Potter”? 12. Alex sold his bicycle to his neighbour last week. 13.1 haven’t told her about it yet. 14. Anthony moved to this town in 2013. 15. Bob has never seen the sea. Exercise 61.1.1 have never been to Japan. 2.1 was in the cinema yesterday. 3. Where is my juice? You have drunk my juice, haven’t you? 4. Where has she bought this dress? I want the same! 5. Did you read a book or a magazine yesterday? 6. We have been to the zoo three times this month. 7. This dog bit a child last week. 8. You look different. Have you shaved? 9. Your son threw a ball and broke a window yesterday. 10. Did they play basketball or football yesterday? 11. Sandy didn’t write a letter yesterday. 12. Dan took his girlfriend to the restaurant yesterday. 13. Look! This man has stolen a wallet. 14. It snowed a lot yesterday. 15.1 have known him since I was five. Exercise 62.1. The boy wasn’t building a sandcastle at 5 o’clock yesterday. Was the boy building a sandcastle at 5 o’clock yesterday? 2. We weren’t eating when he came. Were you eating when he came? 3. The Browns weren’t sunbathing on the beach at this time yesterday. Were the Browns sunbathing on the beach at this time yesterday? 4. We weren’t watching a film while you were sleeping. Were you watching a film while we were sleeping? 5. The poet wasn’t composing a poem yesterday at 4 p.m. Was the poet composing a poem yesterday at 4 p.m.? Exercise 63.1. Was she making a hair-do or getting a manicure all morning? 2. Were they trying to solve my problem or your problem at 2 p.m. yesterday? 3. Was he washing his car or his bike at 5 o’clock? 4. Was he playing computer games or football all day? 5. Were they walking in the park or in the Botanical Garden yesterday? Exercise 64.1. Who was joking yesterday? 2. When were we drinking tea? 3. What was the cat doing all day today? 4. Where was the band playing yesterday? 5. What was Mr. Wilson doing at this time yesterday? Exercise 65.1. The boat was floating along the river yesterday, wasn’t it? 2. The director was making a film yesterday at this time, wasn’t he? 3. He was relaxing in SPA when you needed his help, wasn’t he? 4. The students were studying all the night, weren’t they? 5. The car was running too fast, wasn’t it? Exercise 66.1. Jack called while you were having a shower. 2. They were reading books at 9 a.m. this morning. 3. They were listening to music while I was trying to sleep. 4. The child was crying when mother came to pick her up after school. 5. He was working all the day yesterday. 6. What were you doing when the robber entered the bank? 7. Jeremy was walking along the street when he saw Mary. 8. My sister cut her finger while she was cooking. 9. He was smiling while his daughter was telling a story. 10. The tourist was sleeping when the train stopped. Exercise 67.1. The doorbell rang while I was sleeping. 2. We saw an accident while we were driving a car. 3. Tina fell asleep while she was learning English. 4. She was sunbathing while we were playing golf. 5. Sam was not looking at the camera when the photograph took a photo of him. 6. Ben was not listening to me when I was talking to him. 7. The kids were eating a chocolate cake when Mom came home. 8. The students were walking in the park while the teacher was checking their tests. 9. Kate was reading a book when the light went down. 10. We were watching a film when our friends called. Exercise 68.1. We were watching TV all the day. 2. You were having rest, while I was working. 3.1 was driving when she called. 4. Frank was reading a book all morning. 5. We were studying Latin at 5 o’clock yesterday evening. 6.1 was singing while music was playing. 7. While the children were sleeping, the parents were playing computer games. 8. Mark was jogging in the park when he saw a famous singer. 9. They were dancing when he kissed her. 10. They were working in the garden, when they saw a plane. Exercise 69. 1. robbed 3. lied 5. caught 7. sold 9. fried 2. laid 4. drown 6. fought 8. spent 10. cut Exercise 70. 1. We hadn’t finished the project by Monday. Had you (we) finished the project by Monday? 2. Rick hadn’t written his CV by 5 o’clock. Had Rick written his CV by 5 o’clock?-! The students hadn’t learnt all the topics by the time of the exam. Had the students learnt all the topics by the time of the exam? 4. The secretary hadn’t typed the letter before the manager asked. Had the secretary typed the letter before the manager asked? 5. It hadn’t rained before. Had it rained before? Exercise 71.1. Hadn’t Tony finished the report or the review by the deadline? 2. Had the campers made a fire or dinner by the evening? 3. Had you (we) escaped by the time the teacher or the headmaster came? 4. Had Liz or Sue watched this film before you bought the CD? 5. Had it rained or snowed yesterday? Exercise 72.1. Who had already graduated by 2012? 2. What had the Mitchells decorated by the first of December? 3. Why had you finished work by 5 p.m.? 4. Who had never played tennis before yesterday? 5. What had already begun when we came to the theatre? Exercise 73.1.1 opened the door after the bell had rung. 2. They hadn’t added sugar into the cake and it wasn’t sweet. 3. When I saw Andy, I didn’t recognize him. He had changed a lot. 4. The film had started before you came. 5. Ann hadn’t finished to write her letter before the postman came. 6. The Nilsons had bought a new car before the prices were put up. 7. The baby had fallen asleep by 5 o’clock. 8.1 had had 6 cups of coffee by midnight. 9. The student came to school after the class had already started. 10. Where had you been before I came home yesterday? Exercise 74.1.1 had lunch after mom had cooked the soup. 2. You had given me a good advice before I took a final decision. 3. It had been sunny before the cyclone came to the city. 4. Tim had fallen asleep before the film finished. 5. Rachel had made an appointment to see her doctor before I invited her. 6. We had departed before the storm began. 7. Nick had taken the cat before his friend gave him a puppy for his birthday. 8. She had bought this dress before she saw a more beautiful one in the other shop. 9. Katie had studied a lot before she passed the exam. 10. His sister had got up before the sun rose. Exercise 75.1. When the father came home, the children had already fallen asleep. 2.1 was late for work yesterday because the metro had broken down that morning. 3.1 hadn’t eaten the whole day and I was very hungry in the evening. 4. We had been to this museum before the new painting appeared in the collection. 5. Paul had heard this song before you gave him the CD. 6. They had bought the tickets before they learnt that you wanted to go too. 7. Mary and Luke went home when it had already got dark. 8. She took the medicine after she had seen a doctor. 9. We had finished work by nine o’clock. 10. The film shooting had finished by Monday. Exercise 76.1. The man got into his car and drove down the street. 2. It was not his first match. He had played football before. 3. The television was on at this time yesterday, but we were not watching it. 4. Alec lost his umbrella a few days ago. 5. Michael didn’t go to work yesterday. 6.1 was not very busy, I had nothing to do. 7. Jason had a newspaper open in front of him, but he was not reading it. 8. — Why did you go to bed so early yesterday? — I had worked a lot and was tired in the evening. 9. What were you doing when I was cleaning the house? Why didn’t you come to help me? 10. They used to go to the seaside every summer. Exercise 77.1. Timothy went to meet his wife after work. But when he arrived, she had already left. 2. Allen was sleeping when his friends were watching a film. He had got up early that day and was very sleepy. 3.1 saw you when you were dancing and fell in love immediately. 4. The streets were wet yesterday morning. 5.1 did not want to watch this film because I had already seen it. 6. We were still planning our trip at 12 that night. 7. We had not taken the ship yet as the storm began. 8. The student had not finished the test when the time ran out. 9. The girl was reading books all day yesterday. 10. The police had arrived at the bank by 5 o’clock. Exercise 78.1. It was raining hard all day yesterday. 2.1 called you after I had seen the news. 3. The band had already performed three songs by the moment we arrived. 4. When did you get the visa for England? 5. My neighbour was going home from work when he saw an accident. 6.1 had read three books by Tuesday. 7. When they were in the restaurant, her fiance was playing the telephone games. 8. While Tom was cycling, he was breathing fresh air. 9. The child looked around and took a candy. 10.1 had a headache yesterday because I hadn’t slept all night. Exercise 79.1. He hadn’t been working for 2 hours by 8 a.m. Had he been working for 2 hours by 8 a.m.? 2. It hadn’t been raining all night yesterday. Had it been raining all night yesterday? 3. They hadn’t been playing for 30 minutes when Mom called. Had they been playing for 30 minutes when Mom called? 4. They hadn’t been watching a film for 15 minutes when I woke up. Had they been watching a film for 15 minutes when I woke up? 5. They hadn’t been swimming for too long when the rain started. Had they been swimming for too long when the rain started? Exercise 80.1. Had Margaret been cooking stew or beefstroganoff for 3 hours when I came? 2. Had it been raining or snowing all day yesterday? 3. Had he been playing the guitar or the piano all day? 4. Had the Simpsons been living in the same house for twelve or for eleven years before they decided to move? 5. Had the students been writing a composition or a test for 2 hours before the bell rang? Exercise 81.1. Who had been working in the garden all the day before it started to rain? 2. What had she been doing for 3 hours before her voice disappeared? 3. Where had James been working for more than a year before he left for Los Angeles? 4. Who had been working out too long? 5. How long had Nick been waiting when Marissa came? Exercise 82.1. He came home wet yesterday. He had been running under the rain again, hadn’t he? 2. My friends were tired. They had been dancing all the night, hadn’t they? 3. It had been snowing all night yesterday, hadn’t it? 4. Katie had been reading a book all the night, hadn’t she? 5. We had been listening to music before you came, hadn’t we? Exercise 83. 1. He came home with a black eye and all in dirt yesterday. He had been fighting. 2. Her eyes were red. She had been crying. 3. Mandy and Tob had to cancel the trip that they had been looking forward to. 4. Mr. Lightwood had been working in the factory for 13 years when he got redundant. 5. They had been listening to music and dancing before the police came. 6. Eric had a headache because he had been playing computer all night. 7. He had been reading for 2 hours before 1 came. 8. How long had you been studying by the time when you fell asleep? 9. He fell asleep so early because he had been working all night. 10.1 got bored because 1 had been listening to the lecture for 3 hours. Exercise 84.1. Jack had been working as a teacher for 2 years in 2012. 2. The performance was wonderful. Parents had been preparing the decorations for 2 weeks. 3. The kitchen was all in flour. The father and the kids had been cooking a pie for 2 hours. 4. He had been painting the picture for 2 hours, when he decided to tear it. 5. Elsa had already been driving for 8 hours when she decided to stop and have rest. -------------------- X X -------------------___________ к Exercise 85.1. They won’t start learning English next year. Will they start learning English next year? 2. We won’t go to Hawaii next month. Will we go to Hawaii next month? 3. The students won’t listen to the lecture of a famous professor tomorrow. Will the students listen to the lecture of a famous professor tomorrow? 4. Jack won’t help us. Will Jack help us? 5. Mary won’t go to the theatre with you. Will Mary go to the theatre with you? Exercise 86.1. Will he go to the park or to the zoo with us? 2. Will Paul or Jill take a driving test tomorrow? 3. Will we have spaghetti or rice for lunch? 4. Will the children watch a film or a cartoon? 5. Will it get cold or hot soon? Exercise 87.1. Who will lose this match? 2. What time will Bob come home tomorrow? 3. What will Jeremy send you? 4. Why will the student be late for the class? 5. Where will Helen depart for tomorrow? Exercise 88.1. The taxi will arrive in 5 minutes, won’t it? 2. You won’t give up, will you? 3. He will help us with the project, won’t he? 4. They will invite him to the wedding, won’t they? 5. Steven won’t tell us the truth, will he? Exercise 89.1.1 am thirsty. I will take some milk. 2. Shall we visit the museum this weekend? 3. Perhaps, my brother will come to the party. 4.1 am afraid Bill won’t come today. 5. In 2060 robots will do all the housework. 6.1 promise 1 will not lie anymore. 7. Bob and Jack go to the cinema. I will go with them. 8.1 think he will wait for us. 9. It’s late. Shall we go? 10. You are so cute! I will kiss you now. Exercise 90.1. The train leaves in five minutes. 2.1 am meeting my groupmates on Friday night. 3.1 think he will not succeed. 4. You are going to fall ill! 5. The film starts at 7 p.m. 6. You are going to fall down. 7.1 will give you a blanket. 8.1 won’t let you down. 9. When will you visit us? 10.1 hope you will pass the test. Exercise 91.1.1 will go to the supermarket immediately! 2. Are you watching TV tonight?—Yes, I am going to watch / am watching a football match. 3. Shall we turn left? 4. Yes, I am seeing/am going to see my doctor tomorrow. 5. — What are you wearing for the party? I What are you going to wear for the party? — My white jeans and a red top. 6.The meeting starts at 7 a.m. 7. We are going to give this kitten to our son for his birthday. Look at it! — Oh, I think your son will be delighted. 8. What time do you start work? 9.This horse is too slow. It is going to lose the race. 10. Will you call me tomorrow, please? Exercise 92.1. What time does your plane depart? 2. — We are going to the theatre tomorrow. — Shall I take you to the theatre by car? 3.1 am meeting a client tomorrow. 4.1 think he will be an engineer. 5. You are going to get a sunburn! Rub the cream! 6. Who is going to the cinema tomorrow? 7.1 promise (that) my son won’t be late! 8. We are going to the seaside in summer / We are going to go to the seaside in summer. 9.1 will never forget you! 10.1 feel bad. I will give up smoking. Exercise 93.1.1 won’t be sleeping. Will you be sleeping? 2.1 won’t be dancing at your wedding party tomorrow. Will you be dancing at my wedding party tomorrow? I Will I be dancing at your wedding party tomorrow? 3. They won’t be taking an exam tomorrow morning. Will they be taking an exam tomorrow morning? 4. Ginger won’t be flying to Berlin tomorrow at this time. Will Ginger be flying to Berlin tomorrow at this time? 5. We won’t be sunbathing tomorrow. Will we be sunbathing tomorrow? Exercise 94.1. Won’t you be listening to a lecture or writing a lecture tomorrow? 2. Will he be translating this text or this poem all morning tomorrow? 3. Will our neighbour be mowing the grass or drilling the wall at 8 a.m. tomorrow? 4. Will Mrs. Eastwood be cooking fish or meat tomorrow at 12? 5. Will Pam be washing up or sleeping tomorrow at 10 a.m.? Exercise 95.1. Who will be helping mom all the morning tomorrow? 2. What will the students be preparing for tomorrow? 3. Where will Mike be singing at this time tomorrow? 4. What will we be opening at this time tomorrow? 5. When will Luke be swimming in the Caribbean? Exercise 96.1. You will be listening to a boring lecture tomorrow morning, won’t you? 2. The kids will be playing backgammon in the evening, won’t they? 3. You will be sleeping when I come, won’t you? 4. They will be drinking tea at 7 p.m. tomorrow, won’t they? 5. Harriet will be watching the competition tomorrow, won’t she? Exercise 97.1. What will you be doing tomorrow at 2 p.m.? 2.1 can’t go with you, 1 will be training with the coach tomorrow at 6 p.m. 3. Miriam will be planning a trip tomorrow at 3 p.m. 4. The child will be feeding animals at the zoo tomorrow. 5. Will you be sleeping О s <3 tomorrow at 11 p.m.? Can I call you? 6. Timmy will be writing a letter to his Granny tomorrow at 11 a.m. 7. We will be decorating the Christmas tree tomorrow after work. 8. We will be skating on Saturday. 9. Eric will be reading a newspaper during breakfast tomorrow, as he always does. 10. The boxers will be fighting at 3 p.m. tomorrow. Exercise 98.1. We will be doing our home work tomorrow at 5 p.m. 2. The sportsmen will be jogging around the stadium tomorrow at 8 a.m. 3. What will you be doing tomorrow at 1 o’clock? 4.1 will be waiting for you. 5. We will be watching a film with friends on Friday evening, as we always do. 6.1 will be reading boring documents at this time tomorrow. 7. Who will be performing on the stage at 3 o’clock tomorrow? 8. We will be roller­ skating at 6 p.m. tomorrow. 9. Who will be reading a lecture at 9:20 tomorrow? 10.1 will be driving home from work at this time tomorrow. Exercise 99.1. He won’t have painted my portrait by June. Will he have painted my portrait by June? 2. The shoemaker won’t have fixed your boots by Monday. Will the shoemaker have fixed your boots by Monday? 3. The rain won’t have stopped by night. Will the rain have stopped by night? 4. He won’t have cooked the dinner by 7 p.m. Will he have cooked the dinner by 7 p.m.? 5. They won’t have signed the contract by Friday. Will they have signed the contract by Friday? Exercise 100.1. Will the writer have finished his book by May or by March? 2. Will I have prepared the report or the presentation by midnight? 3. Will they have arranged their wedding by August or by September? 4. Will he have cleaned the house by 4 or by 5 p.m.? 5. Will they have built the school by 2019 or by 2020? Exercise 101. I. What will the tailor have made by the wedding day? 2. Who will have finished the book by June? 3. What will the partners have discussed by 10 p.m.? 4. What will have finished by midnight? 5. Who will have been friends for 3 years by next year? Exercise 102.1. You will have finished the test by 2 p.m., won’t you? 2. They will have restored the monument by summer, won’t they? 3. The government will have risen the prices by next year, won’t it? 4. The police will have caught the criminal by next week, won’t they? 5. My sister will have arrived by 4 p.m., won’t she? Exercise 103.1. They will have been a couple for 2 years by July. 2.1 will have graduated by 2019. 3. Mary won’t have read the book until Wednesday. 4. The countries will have signed a peace treaty by August. 5. Albert won’t have finished work until 7 p.m. 6. Ruth will have come home by this time tomorrow. 7. The climbers will have reached the peak by 4 p.m. 8. We will have done the task by 6 p.m. 9. My friend won’t have arrived until 10 p.m. 10. The party won’t have finished until the dawn. Exercise 104.1. They will have signed the document by Friday. 2. The secretary will have printed the documents by midday. 3.1 will have read the book by the end of the next week. 4. They will have made a new film by 2020. 5. They will have paid off the credit card debt by next year. 6. We will have studied the topic by next week. 7.1 won’t have finished work by 2 o’clock. 8. The negotiations won’t have finished until midnight. 9. We won’t have reached the camp by evening. 10. Jack will have come home by 5 o’clock. Exercise 105.1. By the time we reach Las Vegas, we won’t have been driving for four hours. Will we have been driving for four hours by the time we reach Las Vegas? 2. Sarah won’t have been studying French for 2 years by summer. Will Sarah have been studying French for 2 years by summer? 3. By 5 o’clock Lucy won’t have been waiting for them for 3 hours. Will Lucy have been waiting for them for 3 hours by 5 o’clock? 4. Next year I won’t have been working as a doctor for 4 years. Will you have been working as a doctor for 4 years next year? 5. He won’t have been playing computer for 3 hours by midnight. Will he have been playing computer for 3 hours by midnight? Exercise 106.1. She will have been cooking for 4 hours by the time they come. 2.1 will have a coffee break with you because I will have been working for 6 hours by this time. 3. He will be tired in the evening because he will have been training in the gym for 3 hours by then. 4. She won’t have been writing the book for four months by the end of October 5. How long will you have been learning Spanish by next year? 6. Captain Mitchel will have been sailing for 3 years by 2018. 7. He will have been working at his thesis for 2 years by December. 8. The scientists will have been studying the phenomenon for 5 years by next year. 9. How long will you have been doing yoga by April? 10. They will have been discussing the project for 2 hours by 8 p.m. Exercise 107.1. We will have been living in Moscow for 2 years by June. 2.1 will have been working in this company for 5 years next year. 3. We will have already been studying Chinese for 3 months by June. 4. He will be tired at the party because he will have been working for 8 hours before it. 5.1 will have been waiting for her for 3 hours at 5 o’clock. Список неправильных глаголов Инфинитив Причастие Причастие прошедшего времени be beat become begin was, were beat became began been beaten become begun bend bet bite bent bet bit bent bet bitten blow break bring blew broke brought build built blown broken brought built buy catch bought caught bought caught choose chose chosen come cost cut deal came cost come cost cut dealt dug done drawn cut dealt dug dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forget forgive freeze get give.. . ... did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forgot forgave froze got gave drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten forgiven frozen got given Перевод быть, являться бить, колотить становиться начинать гнуть держать пари кусать дуть, выдыхать ломать, разбивать, разрушать приносить, привозить, доставлять строить, сооружать покупать, приобретать ловить, поймать, схватить выбирать, избирать приходить, подходить стоить, обходиться резать, разрезать иметь дело, распределять копать, рыть делать, выполнять рисовать, чертить ПИТЬ ездить, подвозить есть, поглощать, поедать падать кормить чувствовать, ощущать драться, сражаться, воевать находить, обнаруживать летать забывать о (чём-либо) прощать замерзать, замирать получать, добираться дать, подать, дарить <s о Инфинитив Причастие —< --------------------- ------- have hear hide i had hit hit hold hurt keep know lay lead held hurt kept knew laid led leave lend left left lent lent let let let вести за собой, сопровождать, руководить покидать, уходить, уезжать, оставлять одалживать, давать взаймы (в долг) позволять, разрешать lie lay 1 light lit i lose make lost lain lit lost made meant лежать зажигать, светиться, освещать терять, лишаться, утрачивать делать, создавать, изготавливать значить, иметь в виду, подразумевать met paid встречать, знакомиться платить, оплачивать, рассчитываться ставить, помещать, класть читать, прочитать ехать верхом, кататься звенеть, звонить восходить, вставать, подниматься бежать, бегать говорить, сказать, произносить видеть искать, разыскивать продавать, торговать посылать, отправлять, отсылать устанавливать, задавать, назначать трясти, встряхивать светить, сиять, озарять стрелять показывать закрывать, запирать, затворять петь, напевать тонуть, погружаться I put (read ride ring rise run say see seek sell send set shake shine shoot 3? show shut к sing sink sit sleep Ч к Ь идти, двигаться расти, вырастать вешать, развешивать, висеть иметь, обладать 1 слышать, услышать went grew hung [pay ----------- gone ; grown Перевод go grow hang mean meet ------------ ------------------ Причастие прошедшего времени heard hid made meant met paid put read rode rang rose ran said saw sought sold sent 1 hung had 1 heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led put read ridden rung risen run said seen sought set shook sold sent set shaken shone shot shone shot showed shut sang shown, showed shut sung sunk sat sank sat slept slept прятать, скрывать ударять, поражать держать, удерживать, задерживать ранить, причинять боль, ушибить хранить, сохранять, поддерживать ! знать, иметь представление класть, положить, покрывать сидеть, садиться спать Инфинитив Причастие Причастие прошедшего времени speak spoke spoken spend spent spent stand steal stood stole stood stolen stick strike swear stuck struck, stricken sworn swept swum swung take teach tear tell think throw stuck struck swore 'swept swam swung took taught tore told thought threw understand wake wear understood woke wore win write won sweep swim swing wrote taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn won written Перевод у «, говорить, разговаривать, высказываться тратить, расходовать, проводить (время) СТОЯТЬ воровать, красть втыкать, приклеивать ударять, бить, поражать клясться, присягать мести, подметать, смахивать плавать, плыть качаться, вертеться брать, хватать, взять учить, обучать рвать, отрывать рассказывать думать, мыслить, размышлять бросать, кидать, метать понимать, постигать просыпаться, будить носить (одежду) победить, выиграть писать, записывать _ ___ ©__________ ®.--------------©-----------------©--------------XI © — -— X Издательство еникс 344011, г. 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