Psychology Test with Answers (Topics 1-8)

Иностранный язык в профессиональной
деятельности (Психология темы 1-8) тест с
ответами Синергия/МОИ/ МТИ /МОСАП
Иностранный язык в профессиональной
деятельности
УЧЕБНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
Текущие
Введение в курс
Тема 1. Psychology as a Science
Тема 2. Approaches to Psychology
Тема 3. Mental Processes.
Тема 4. Emotions
Тема 5. Intelligence
Тема 6. Creative Thinking
Тема 7. Imagination
Тема 8. Theories of Personality
Заключение
Итоговая аттестация
Итоговый тест
Компетентностный тест
ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНЫЕ ТЕСТЫ + ИТОГОВЫЙ ТЕСТ +
КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНЫЙ ТЕСТ
214 вопросов с ответами
1. … was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a
psychologist. His famous book entitled Principles of Physiological
Psychology was published in 1873
2. … was the first American psychologist who espoused a different
perspective on how psychology should operate. James was introduced to
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an
explanation of an organism’s characteristics.
3. Perhaps one of the most influential and well-known figures in
psychology’s history was …. He was an Austrian neurologist who was
fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.
4. Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
A. steps of the scientific method
B. empirical method
C. mental processes
D. to analyze the results
E. conscious experience
F. internal perception
G. to make a prediction
H. to make an observation
I. ступени научного метода
J. эмпирический метод
K. ментальные процессы
L. анализировать результаты
M. сознательный опыт
N. внутреннее восприятие
O. прогнозировать
P. делать наблюдение
5. How can you organise information in the lecture? Match the beginnings
and endings.
A. question and
B. problem and
C. classification and
D. advantages and
E. comparison and
F. cause and
G. sequence of
H. stages of a
I. theories or opinions then
J. supporting information
K. process
L. effect
M. events
N. solution
O. answer
P. definition
Q. disadvantages
R. contrast
6. Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of
the mind were undertaken by those in ….
*biology
*chemistry
*philosophy
*physics
7. Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and … in the
therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to
deal with their problems.
*structuralism
*functionalism
*gestalt
*unconditional positive regard
8. If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year
college, then s/he would probably need a … degree in psychology.
*bachelor of science
*bachelor of art
*master’s
*PhD
9. The following degrees would be the minimum required to teach
psychology courses in high school.
*PhD
*PsyD
*master’s degree
*bachelor’s degree
10. One would need at least a(n) … degree to serve as a school
psychologist.
*associate’s
*bachelor’s
*master’s
*doctoral
11. An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as
a(n) ….
*biological stage
*object permanence
*personality
*perception
12. Behaviorists studied objectively observable … partly in reaction to the
psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly
observable.
*behavior
*words
*personality
*understanding
13. An undergraduate … in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These
skills are useful in many different work settings.
*approach
*education
*phenomena
*process
14. … might prove especially helpful using individuals who have rare
conditions. For instance, if one wanted to study multiple personality
disorder then this approach with individuals diagnosed with multiple
personality disorder would be helpful.
*an excellent approach
*self-correcting process
*the individual experiencing
*case studies
15. Put the words in the right order to make a question:
1 according to the article
2 "The New Science
3 of Happiness",
4 which of the following
5 is NOT one of
6 the top 4 things that
7 bring people the greatest happiness?
16. Put the following sentences in the right order:
1 The article "The New Science of Happiness" discusses.....
2 the top four things that bring people the greatest happiness.
3 The correct answer, holidays, is not included in the list. This....
4 suggests that while faith, children, and spouse/partner are considered
important factors for happiness,
5 holidays are not seen as one of the top contributors.
17. Read the question below and select one correct answer based on the
information provided in the course: Question: Why do you think many
people might be sceptical about psychology being a science?
*Science cannot directly study the mind because it is not a form of matter or
energy.
*These people simply don’t know all the facts about modern technology.
*Psychology is not and cannot be a science so these people are completely
right.
18. The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal
mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through
observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and
behaviourists.
19. The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as
a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social
interaction on behaviour.
20. Psychologists focus their attention on understanding …, as well as the
psychological (mental) and physical processes that underlie it.
*behaviour
*intuition
*mind
*experience
21. Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
A. unconscious processes
B. human behavior
C. cognitive factors
D. inductive reasoning
E. deductive reasoning
F. fundamental difference
G. scientific approaches
H. поведение человека
I. индуктивное размышление
J. бессознательные процессы
K. когнитивные факторы
L. фундаментальное различие
M. дедуктивное размышление
N. научные подходы
22. The types of reasoning in the framework of hypothesis or general
premise and empirical observations are called …:
*practical and theoretical
*deductive and inductive
*empirical and theoretical
23. In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world:
24. In … reasoning, empirical observations lead to new ideas:
25. … is most closely associated with the human approach to psychology.
*Carl Rogers
*Sigmund Freud
*Alfred Bandura
*Carl Jung
26. … perspective argues that the nervous system, glands and hormones,
and genetic factors influence our behaviour.
*biological
*evolutionary
*cognitive
27. What name is given to the study of many individuals where an attempt
is made to compare them with others?
*nomopathetic approach
*nomosynthetic approach
*nomothetic approach
*nonsensical approach
28. Freud s experiments in … gave rise to his “dream theory”.
29. These fields of psychology are most commonly practised in everyday
life. (Select 2 correct answers);
*social
*psychodynamic
*clinical
*humanistic
30. Match the two parts of each term:
A. bioB. neuroC. psychoD. paraE. -psychology
F. -biology
G. -analysis
H. –chemistry
31. Match the two parts of each word:
A. disB. idenC. reinforD. inhiE. -odered
F. -tity
G. -cement
H. –bition
32. Match the beginnings and the endings of each phrase:
A. advantages and
B. problem and
C. classification and
D. question and
E. disadvantages
F. solution
G. definition
H. answer
33. Match the two parts of the phrases:
A. developmental
B. classical
C. drug
D. psychology
E. dependency
F. conditioning
34. Read the text below and answer the question:
*They live from a place of having more internalized joy and looking for the joy
*They have a genetic predisposition that is impossible to influence later in life
*They avoid drama and practice ignorance to become distracted from everyday
life
35. Amygdala is …
*involved with the process of memory
*to learn how retain information
*to regulate emotions
36. The cognitive approach became the most important school of
psychology during …
*the 1970s
*the 1930s
*the 1960s
37. Name one part of the brain which is responsible for memory: …
38. Who first demonstrated semantic encoding?
*Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving
*Richard Atkinson
*William Bousfield
39. Match the sins of memory and examples:
A. Transience
B. Absentmindedness
C. Blocking
D. Suggestibility
E. Bias
F. Persistence
G. Forget events that occurred long ago
H. Forget where your phone is
I. Tip of the tongue
J. Result from leading questions
K. Align memories to current beliefs
L. Traumatic events
40. … is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve
information over different periods of time
41. There are three types of encoding. The encoding of words and their
meaning is known as … encoding.
42. Storage is the creation of a … record of information:
*Short-term
*Perpetual
*Permanent
43. The model of human …, called Atkinson-Shiffrin:
*Brain
*Hormones
*Memory
44. Choose three types of encoding (not its processes) – Select 3 correct
answers:
*Visual
*Effortful processing
*Automatic processing
*Acoustic
*Semantic
*Self-Reference Effect
45. Put the words in the right order to make sentence:
1 Encoding
2 Involves
3 The input
4 Of
5 Information
6 Into
7 The memory system
46. In which order the topics are brought up in the lecture?
1 Memory
2 Encoding
3 Sensory memory
4 Other types of memory
5 Parts of the brain that are involved into process of memorizing
6 Sins of memory
47. In which order are mentioned scientists in the lecture?
1 William Bousfield
2 Fergus Clark and Endel Tulving
3 Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
4 Karl Lashley
48. It probably required a lot of work and attention on your part in order to
encode that information. This is known as ….
49. If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you
could recall this information quite easily. This is known as …, or the
encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words.
50. Short-term memory takes information from … memory and sometimes
connects that memory to something already in long-term memory.
51. … memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how
to do things.
52. Match the sins of memory and their types
A. Blocking
B. Bias
C. Persistence
D. Distortion
E. Forgetting
F. Intrusion
53. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question:
What should we do to transfer information from STM into LTM?
*Information in short-term memory goes to long-term memory, or it is discarded.
Therefore, we need to create more active memories.
*Information in short-term memory goes to long-term memory, or it is discarded.
Therefore, we need to continuously repeat the information.
*Information in short-term memory goes to long-term memory, or it is discarded.
Therefore, we need to employ our sensory memory.
54. An … is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our
feelings.
55. … refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not
occur in response to something we experience.
56. … created cognitive-mediational theory.
*Richard Lazarus
*Sigmund Freud
*Charles Darwin
57. Match these terms with their Russian equivalents:
A. limbic system
B. psychological appraisal
C. physiological arousal
D. hippocampus
E. basolateral complex
F. cognitive appraisal theory
G. лимбическая система
H. когнитивная оценочная теория
I. гиппокамп
J. базолатеральный комплекс
K. психологическая оценка
L. физиологическое возбуждение
58. … is a type of communication in which physical behaviors, as opposed
to words, are used to express or convey information.
59. We express … when we feel physically or psychologically threatened.
This facial expression is often confused with surprise. But when we’re
surprised, our eyes open wider, and our mouth isn’t pulled sideways.
60. You see these muscle movements—in the lips, around the eyes, and in
the brow—when people are feeling aggressive, threatened, or frustrated.
Researchers think we make this expression when we’re … because it could
protect the face in a physical conflict—for example, the furrowed eyebrows
could protect the eyes
61. When people are … they avert their gaze, which means they move their
head down and to the side, exposing their neck.
62. Match the words to form complete phrases:
A. Emotional and
B. Dealing with
C. Handling psychologically
D. Overcoming
E. social competencies of leaders
F. necessary evils
G. challenging work-related situations
H. internal barriers to change
63. Match the words to form complete phrases and sentences:
A. Understanding better
B. Establishing more
C. Gaining insights
D. Increasing acceptance
E. the principles of human behaviour within organizations
F. productive working relationships
G. into your own leadership motivations and behaviors
H. of your ideas and work requests
64. Match the words to form complete phrases:
A. Growth
B. Emotional
C. Social
D. SelfE. mindset
F. awareness
G. skills
H. regulation
65. Match the terms with their definitions:
A. Empathy
B. Nonverbal behavior
C. Research
D. Altruism
E. the ability to sense other people’s emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine
what someone else might be thinking or feeling
F. actions that can indicate an individual’s attitudes or feelings without speech
G. suggests that empathic people tend to be more generous and concerned with
others’ welfare, and they also tend to have happier relationships and greater
personal well-being
H. willingness to do things that bring advantages to others, even if it results in
disadvantage for yourself
66. Put the topics in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
1 What is emotion?
2 What is mood?
3 James-Lange’s theory
4 Cannon-Bard’s theory
5 What is differential emotion theory?
6 What is cognitive theory of emotion appraisal?
67. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
1 the James-Lange theory
2 of emotion
3 suggests that
4 physical changes in the body
5 happen first,
6 which then leads to
7 to the experience
68. Read the text below and answer the question. Every time, after chatting
with friends Anna notices that her mood depends on the mood of her
friends. Often her mood worsens automatically after chatting with people.
Question: How can you explain this?
*Anna made it up on her own.
*Anna is a sensitive person.
*Anna is codependent.
69. … intelligence is closely aligned with academic problem solving and
computations.
*Practical
*Creative
*Analytical
*Cultural
70. In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on
….
*a group of same-age peers
*a representative sample
*children with mental disabilities
*children of average intelligence
71. … developed the IQ test most widely used today.
*Sir Francis Galton
*Alfred Binet
*Louis Terman
*David Wechsler
72. IQ stands for … and describes a score earned on a test designed to
measure intelligence.
73. … means that the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation
of results is consistent.
74. … put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence.
*Goleman
*Gardner
*Sternberg
*Steitz
75. … describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to
large data sets.
76. … encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and
others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and
regulate your own emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.
77. People with high emotional intelligence typically have well-developed …
78. Put the words in order to make a sentence:
1 the results
2 of intelligence
3 tests
4 follow
5 the bell curve
79. Order the names of scientists that were mentioned in the lecture:
1 Sir Francis Galton
2 Alfred Binet
3 David Wechsler
80. Put these items in the order they were mentioned in the lecture:
1 Analytical intelligence
2 Emotional intelligence
3 Cultural intelligence
4 Flynn effect
81. Match intelligence types and their characteristics:
A. Spatial Intelligence
B. Bodily kinesthetic intelligence
C. Intrapersonal intelligence
D. Interpersonal intelligence
E. Ability to perceive the relationship between objects and how they move in
space
F. High ability to control the movements of the body and use the body to perform
various physical tasks G. Ability to access personal feelings and motivations, and
use them to direct behavior and reach personal goals
H. Ability to understand and be sensitive to the various emotional states of others
82. Match the terms and their definitions:
A. Analytical intelligence
B. Creative intelligence
C. Standard deviations
D. The bell curve
E. Cultural intelligence
F. Emotional intelligence
G. Practical intelligence
H. … is demonstrated by an ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and
contrast.
I. … is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.
J. … describe how data are dispersed in a population and give context to large
data sets
K. … uses the standard deviation to show how all scores are dispersed from the
average score.
L. When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that culture
exemplifies your…
M. … encompasses the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others,
show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your own
emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways.
N. … you find solutions that work in your everyday life by applying knowledge
based on your experiences. This type of intelligence appears to be separate from
traditional understanding of IQ.
83. Read the text below and answer the question: Brian is a very smart boy,
however, he doesn’t excel at school work. He frequently retakes exams,
argues with his teachers, barely manages to keep up with his group mates
academically. Outside of school, though, he is a star. Everyone knows that
if they need help with something, they can go to Brian and he can figure
out a way to resolve their situation. Question: How would you characterize
Brian?
*Brian has got “street smarts” – practical intelligence.
*Brian doesn’t like school and wants to become a celebrity.
*Brian is very helpful but not empathetic enough.
84. Fluid intelligence is characterized by ….
*being able to recall information
*being able to create new products
*being able to understand and communicate with different cultures
*being able to see complex relationships and solve problems
85. The inventors of The NEO Personality Inventory are …
*Costa and McCrae
*Mednick
*Wallach and Kogan
86. Creative individuals are remarkable for their ability to … (Select 2
correct answers):
*adapt
*be hyperactive
*have low concentration
87. The studies of creative people suggest the following number of
components of creativity:
*3
*4
*5
*7
88. Choose three right antithetical traits often present in creative people
(Select 3 correct answers):
*Wisdom and childishness
*Bisexuality
*Concentration
*Hyperactivity
*Imagination
*Total arrogance
89. This scientist has spent his career looking at the structure and specific
aspects of RNA molecules and how their interactions could help produce
antibiotics and ward off diseases:
*Damasio
*Dr. Tom Steitz
*Colin Martindale
90. Ochse s theory was developed in …
*1990
*1890
*1991
91. Match the words to complete phrases:
A. Creative
B. Unusual
C. Generating
D. Brain
E. Thinking
F. Strategies
G. Alternatives
H. Mechanism
92. Match the tests and their descriptions:
A. Structure of Intellect Divergent Thinking Test
B. “Guilfordian” Tests
C. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT)
D. Remote Associates Test
E. This model covers 180 (6x5x5) intellectual abilities organized along three
dimensions namely; operations (evaluation, convergent production, divergent
production, memory, cognition), contents (visual, auditory, symbolic, semantic,
behavioral) and products (units, classes, relations, systems, transformation,
implications).
F. Wallach and Kogan argued that creativity tests should be administered in a
game-like environment and should not apply time limitations. With this in mind,
they focused on assessing creativity in children and developed the Instances
Test (list as many things that move wheels, things that make noise) and the Uses
Test (tell me the different ways you can use a knife, tire or like).
G. < … > was developed for research and to provide a tool that can be used to
individualize the instruction.
H. Mednick, proposed a different perspective to creativity assessment and
instead of solely focusing on divergent thinking he argued that convergent
thinking should be taken into consideration too. Mednick believed that creative
people are able to produce original ideas because they have the ability to form
associations in their minds. Mednick analyzed the creative process through
stimulus-response (S-R) perspective, he thought producing unusual or original
responses to a stimulus required creativity and defined creativity based on this
point of view.
93. Match the components of creativity and their definitions:
A. Expertise
B. Imaginative thinking
C. Risk taking
D. Intrinsic interest
E. Working in a creative environment
F. Creative people have carefully studied and know a lot about the topic that they
are working on. Creativity comes with a lot of hard work
G. Creative people often view a problem in a visual way, allowing them to see it
from a new and different point of view.
H. Creative people are willing to take on new but potentially risky approaches
I. Creative people tend to work on projects because they love doing them, not
because they are paid for them. In fact, research has found that people who are
paid to be creative are often less creative than those who are not.
J. Creativity is in part a social phenomenon. Simonton found that the most
creative people were supported, aided, and challenged by other people working
on similar projects.
94. Put the words in order to make the sentence:
1 participant
2 uses
3 a basic shape
4 a picture
5 expands
6 on
7 and
8 to create
9 it
95. Put the names of scientists in the order they were mentioned in the
lecture:
1 Damasio
2 Colin Martindale
3 Dr. Tom Steitz
96. Make the plan of the currently lecture putting these topics in the order
they were mentioned:
1 Creative thinking
2 Creativity
3 Assessment of creativity
4 Creative processes
5 10 antithetical traits
97. Read the text below and answer the question:Lily always needs some
facts to solve a problem and doesn’t like to make things up. But her friend
Ann often leans on her imagination. Question: Which of the girls has
critical thinking and which has creative thinking?
*Lily has developed critical thinking and Ann has developed creative thinking.
*Lily has developed creative thinking and Ann has developed critical thinking.
*Both girls have developed critical thinking.
*Both girls have developed creative thinking.
98. In contrast, … thinking describes the ability to provide a correct or wellestablished answer or solution to a problem.
99. Creativity is often assessed as a function of one’s ability to engage in
… thinking.
100. … processing, done in the inferior temporal lobe, near the bottom of
the brain, deals with shape, depth, color, intensity, and object recognition.
101. … processing, done in the posterior parietal lobe, near the top of the
brain, deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space — either
objects in space, or where the parts of a single object are in relation to
each other.
102. “Top-down processes” stands for …
*what you expect to see
*what you don’t expect to see
*the mind sometimes guessing at what will come next
103. The concept of mental imagery was developed …
*in the 19th century
*at the end of the 19th century
*in the 18th century
104. This type of processing deals with shape, depth, colour and object
recognition:
*Visual processing
*Spatial processing
*Visual perception
105. Mental imagery is a(n) …
*Voluntary act
*Involuntary act
*Imagination
106. Just about all psychologists believe that all of our long-term memories
of things are…
*Propositions
*Connected symbols
*Complex structures
107. The types of imagination are … (select 3 correct answers):
Strategic
*Emotional
*Constructive
*Building
*Memorizing
108. … is a brain-scanning method that scientists use to “decode” activity
in the visual cortex to know what a person was looking at in terms of line
orientation, position, and even what the object was.
109. Active imagination was developed by …
*Carl Jung
*Edward Titchener
*Francis Galton
110. … imagination is what we normally consider to be creativity with a
large C – composing an opera or discovering something groundbreaking.
This is different from everyday creativity, such as coming up with
imaginative solutions to household problems or making crafts.
111. Match the terms with their definitions:
A. Visual memory
B. Imagination
C. Posterior parietal lobe
D. Inferior temporal lobe
E. made up of symbols for objects and shapes, textures, distances, and so on,
and the relationships between these objects are encoded in these sentence-like
entities
F. the creation of ideas in your head, composed from ideas, beliefs, and
memories
G. done in the…, near the top of the brain
H. done in the…, near the bottom of the brain
112. Match terms and their definitions:
A. Visual perception
B. Visual processing
C. Spatial processing
D. “top-down” processes
E. “visual area one”
F. deals with shape, depth, color, intensity, and object recognition
G. represents information in one brain state after another, and the further along it
goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on the retina. It gets
more and more abstract.
H. deals with orientation, size, and where things are in space—either objects in
space, or where the parts of a single object are in relation to each other.
I. It’s easier to see what you expect to see, and the mind is constantly guessing
at what will come next, and priming early visual areas to make seeing those
things easier to do.
J. The information that was on the retina is more or less reproduced here. The
idea is that neurons that are more active will absorb more sugar, because
neurons consume sugar and oxygen as fuel.
113. Match the English terminology with its equivalents in Russian:
A. brain areas
B. vision system
C. retinal neurons
D. inferior temporal lobe
E. posterior parietal lobe
F. visual perception
G. visual processing
H. spatial processing
I. Область мозга
J. Зрительная система
K. Нейроны сетчатки
L. Нижняя височная извилина
M. Задняя теменная кора
N. Зрительное/ визуальное восприятие
O. Визуальная обработка
P. Пространственная обработка
114. When we imagine something visually, it shows up in the visual …
115. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
1 mental imagery
2 is
3 often
4 used
5 interchangeably
6 with
7 the term
8 “mental image”
116. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
1 the
2 most
3 spectacular
4 use
5 of
6 imagination
7 is
8 in
9 creativity
117. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
1 imagery
2 imagination
3 not
4 is
5 mental
118. Even this early in the … system, retinal neurons are processing some
of the information, turning it into something useful for the later neurons.
119. Imagination is (typically) a … act.
120. Read the text and answer the question below:Rudy decided to write a
story, using some images that had been in his head his whole life. One day
he was rewatching his favorite film and spotted familiar images and
realized where those images came from and what they meant.Question:
What process was at work here?
*Imagination because Rudy’s images were directly taken from the film and
visualized
*Mental imagery because it was Rudy’s early impressions of the film that
impacted these images
*Visual perception as Rudy’s realized where these images came from only after
describing them
121. The … approach in psychology seeks general principles and patterns
applicable to groups.
122. The … approach focuses on understanding individuals in their unique
context.
123. … thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative
ideas by exploring many possible solutions.
124. An example of a ‘love and belonging’ level of Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs is …
*food and clothing
*friendship
*esteem
*job security
125. … called them the id, ego, and superego.
*Maslow
*Freud
*Eysenck
126. Match the following personality theories with each psychologist:
A. self-efficacy
B. trait theory
C. humanism
D. self-actualization
E. situationism
F. Albert Bandura
G. Sigmund Freud
H. Abraham Maslow
I. Carl Rogers
J. Hans Eysenck
127. … refers to the long-standing traits and patterns that propel
individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways.
128. The term “idiographic” comes from the Greek word “idios” meaning
“own” or “private.” Psychologists interested in this aspect of … want to
discover what makes each of us unique.
129. Make the plan of the lecture putting the main points in the right order:
1 Definition of personality
2 Nomothetic approach in psychology
3 Idiographic approach in psychology
4 Levels of consciousness; Freud and the psychodynamic perspective
5 Humanistic theory of personality development
6 Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
7 Carl Rogers’humanistic theory of personality development
130. Put the names of scientists in the order they were mentioned in the
lecture:
1 Sigmund Freud
2 Abraham Maslow
3 Carl Rogers
131. Physiological needs are …
*security, safety
*prestige, feeling of accomplishment
*food, water, warmth, rest
*intimate relationships, friends
132. Safety needs are …
*Physiological needs
*Basic needs
*Self-fulfillment needs
133. Match the words to create phrases:
A. individual
B. environment
C. reciprocal
D. social
E. situational
F. differences
G. factors
H. determinism
I. learning theory
J. context
134. Match the theories with their descriptions:
A. Humanistic theory of personality development
B. Observational Learning
C. Levels of consciousness
D. Rogers developed client-centered therapy (later re-named ‘person-centered’),
which was a non-directive therapy, allowing clients to deal with what they
considered important, at their own pace. This method involves removing
obstacles so the client can move forward, freeing him or her for normal growth
and development.
E. Bandura’s key contribution to learning theory was the idea that much learning
is vicarious. We learn by observing someone else’s behavior and its
consequences. He felt that this type of learning also plays a part in the
development of our personality. Just as we learn individual behaviors, we learn
new behavior patterns when we see them performed by other people or models.
F. Freud compared the mind to an iceberg. He said that only about one-tenth of
our mind is conscious, and the rest of our mind is unconscious. Our unconscious
refers to that mental activity of which we are unaware and are unable to access.
According to Freud, unacceptable urges and desires are kept in our unconscious
through a process called repression.
135. Match the components of Freud’s theory with the corresponding
phrases:
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. “I have just decided to do that right now!”
E. “Maybe we can find a compromise”.
F. “I think it is not right to do that”.
136. Read the text below and answer the question:Steve didn t learn the
material during the school year. Now he is sure that on the last night he will
be able to learn everything. Question: What do you think?
*Steve will learn everything successfully on the eve of the examination.
*Steve will learn only half of the material.
*Steve will be able to remember only some key points
137. " … affect" refers to one s propensity to experience positive emotions
and interact with others and with life s challenges in a positive way.
138. … processing deals with orientation, size, and where things are in
space.
*Visual
*Spatial
*Visual
139. … refers to maintaining positive relationships with others.
*achievement
*affiliation
*intimacy
*power
140. Match linking words and phrases with their use cases:
A. Because
B. Also
C. Nevertheless
D. As a consequence
E. Reason
F. Addition
G. Contrast
H. Result
141. … is not a dimension of job burnout:
*depersonalization
*hostility
*exhaustion
*diminished accomplishment
142. It seems that their energy is internally generated, due more to their
focused minds than to the superiority of their …
*Genes
*Intellect
*Upbringing
*Health
143. Match the stages of memory and their descriptions:
A. Short-term memory (STM)
B. Sensory memory
C. Long-term memory (LTM)
D. a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory
E. a storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes
F. a continuous storage of information
144. Match the beginnings and the endings of the words:
A. BlackB. UnC. ChatD. VirE. -mail
F. -moderated
G. -ter
H. -tual
145. Match the terms with their descriptions:
A. Introduction
B. Methods
C. Results
D. Conclusions
E. Overview of the topic
F. Research questions G. Answers to research questions
H. Summary of main findings
146. Match the terms with their characteristics:
A. Beta-endorphin
B. Dopamine
C. Serotonin
D. Pain, pleasure
E. Mood, sleep, learning
F. Mood, sleep
147. … refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and
consciously experienced. It involves both bottom-up and top-down
processing.
148. According to your reading, nearly … of the adult population in the
United States can be classified as obese.
*one half
*one third
*one fourth
*one fifth
149. When you visit such a culture, how well you relate to the values of that
culture exemplifies your … intelligence.
150. … was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of
the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern
psychology.
151. Put the following sentences in the right order:
1 Analytical intelligence is closely aligned with academic problem solving and
computations.
2 Sternberg says that analytical intelligence is demonstrated by an ability to
analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast.
3 When reading a classic novel for literature class, for example, it is usually
necessary to compare the motives of the main characters of the book or analyze
the historical context of the story.
4 In a science course such as anatomy, you must study the processes by which
the body uses various minerals in different human systems.
5 In developing an understanding of this topic, you are using analytical
intelligence.
6 When solving a challenging math problem, you would apply analytical
intelligence to analyze different aspects of the problem and then solve it section
by section.
152. In everyday life, generating creative ideas is a sign of creative
performance and …’s purpose is to measure this idea generation. Ideation
involves idea generation and attribution of value to it; thus, it can be an
adequate creativity criterion.
153. Match the terms and their definitions:
A. Bias
B. Engram
C. Blocking
D. Construction
E. Absentmindedness
F. how feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events
G. physical trace of memory
H. memory error in which you cannot access stored information
I. formulation of new memories
J. lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being
somewhere else
154. Multiple Intelligences Theory was developed by …, a Harvard
psychologist and former student of Erik Erikson.
155. … is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.
*Hippocrates
мGall
*Wundt
*Freud
156. The nomothetic approach typically uses scientific methods such as …
and observations to obtain quantitative data. Group averages are
statistically analyzed to create predictions about people in general.
157. Match English sentences and their Russian equivalents:
A. I’m a ‘worrier’
B. I make friends easily
C. I have a vivid imagination
D. I trust others
E. I complete tasks successfully
F. Я постоянно беспокоюсь
G. Я легко завожу друзей
H. У меня живое воображение
I. Я доверяю другим
J. Я успешно завершаю задания
158. … intelligence encompasses the ability to see complex relationships
and solve problems. Navigating your way home after being detoured onto
an unfamiliar route because of road construction would draw upon your
fluid intelligence.
159. The major psychology approaches are the following … (Select 3
correct answers):
*Biological
*Social learning
*Psychodynamic
*Tentative
*Scientific
160. The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to
consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ….
*psychodynamic
*temperament
*humors
*personality
161. … involves the raising of the upper lip, and the bridge of the nose
wrinkles. We express it about things that make us sick, not those about
which we’re derisive or suspicious.
162. There are also … processes. It’s easier to see what you expect to see,
and the mind is constantly guessing at what will come next, and priming
early visual areas to make seeing those things easier to do.
163. … bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem:
*anchoring
*confirmation
*representative
*availability
164. Match the terms and their definitions:
A. Sibling differences
B. Personality
C. Reliability
D. Validity
E. exposed to different childhood influences and as a result grew up to have
different personalities
F. the unique, relatively enduring internal and external aspects of a person
character that influence behaviour in different situations
G. the consistency of response to a psychological assessment device
H. the extent to which the assessment device measures what it is intended to
measure
165. The … content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.
*latent
*manifest
*collective unconscious
*important
166. … is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our
five senses, which can then be experienced and interpreted by the brain.
This process occurs thanks to our five sensory systems: vision, hearing,
taste, smell and touch.
167. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
1 clinical psychology is
2 the area of psychology
3 that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment
4 of psychological disorders
5 and other
6 problematic patterns of behavior
168. The following is NOT one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:
*creative
*spatial
*linguistic
*musical
169. … is another name for short-term memory.
*sensory memory
*episodic memory
*working memory
*implicit memory
170. Neurons absorb … (select 2 correct answers):
*Sugar
*Oxygen
*Tissue
*Calcium
171. The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with ….
172. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ….
*persistence
*misattribution
*transience
*blocking
173. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
1 creative
2 people
3 tend to
4 be
5 smart
6 yet
7 naïve
8 at
9 the
10 same
11 time
174. The following is usually stated about psychologists involved in
personality assessment (Select 3 correct answers):
*‘Depth’ psychologists are better at it than some other kinds of psychologist.
*Many of them accept that their conclusions are unreliable.
*They receive criticism from psychologists not involved in the field.
*They have made people realise how hard the subject is.
*They have told people what not to do, rather than what they should do.
*They keep changing their minds about what the best approaches
175. Parental and … conflicts have been tied to the development of asthma.
176. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
1 the value
2 of
3 IQ testing
4 is
5 most
6 evident
7 in
8 educational
9 or
10 clinical settings
177. ‘Psyche’ is a Greek word meaning ….
*essence
*soul
*behaviour
*love
178. Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving conducted a series of experiments to
find out which of the three types of encoding would give the best memory
of … information.
179. … is one way in which people can reset their biological clocks.
*light-dark exposure
*coffee consumption
*alcohol consumption
*napping
180. The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are
called ….
*antibodies
*telomeres
*lymphocytes
*immune cells
181. Match the terms with their definition:
A. Sample
B. Theory
C. Participants
D. Opinion
E. subset of individuals selected from the larger
population
F. well-developed set of ideas that propose an
explanation for observed phenomena
G. subjects of psychological research
H. personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes
that may or may not be accurat
182. Put these topics in the order they appeared in the lecture:
1 What is intelligence?
2 Cattell’s theory
3 Sternberg’s theory
4 Gardner’s theory
5 What is IQ?
183. … represents information in one brain state after another, and the
further along it goes, the less the pattern resembles the original picture on
the retina. It gets more and more abstract. Broadly speaking, from V1, the
information takes two paths — one for visual processing and the other for
spatial.
184. Explicit (declarative) memory has two parts: semantic memory and …
memory.
185. … is conceptualized as an enduring state of mind that consists of the
capacity to experience pleasure in daily life, as well as the ability to engage
one’s skills and talents to enrich one’s life and the lives of others.
186. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question:
Why do people react differently in similar situations?
*Every human being is unique, but this uniqueness originates from the
combination of 5 personality traits we all share.
*The reason behind this is the context of the situation – we all perceive situations
differently and this is the key factor behind different behavior.
*It is our genes that predominantly determine our behaviour and our personality,
i.e. the way we react to different stimuli.
187. Read the text below and answer the question: The mental status exam
is a clinical assessment tool used to evaluate a person s cognitive and
emotional functioning. It typically focuses on areas such as mood and
affect, attention and concentration, appearance, and other mental
processes. Question: Based on this information, which of the following
areas would the mental status exam be unlikely to cover?
*Mood and affect
*Attention
*General appearance
*Memory
*Physical coordination
188. Read the text below and answer the question: Sarah wants to be a
psychologist. Her parents are against Sarah s decision. They want Sarah to
study medicine. Sarah is upset and doesn t know what to do. Question:
What should Sarah do?
*Sarah should follow her parents advice.
*Sarah should insist on her decision.
*Sarah should talk to her parents and argue her choice to them.
189. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question:
How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the
field since the 19th century?
*Initially psychology was focused on the study of mind and mental processes, but
over time, it began to shift more towards the study of behavior.
*At first, psychology was not considered a science in its modern definition,
however, over time, all doubts about its scientific nature were eliminated.
*Psychology has always been and still continues to focus solely on cognitive
functions and mental processes.
190. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question:
Why do people react differently in similar situations?
*Every human being is unique, but this uniqueness originates from the
combination of 5 personality traits we all share.
*The reason behind this is the context of the situation – we all perceive situations
differently and this is the key factor behind different behavior.
*It is our genes that predominantly determine our behaviour and our personality,
i.e. the way we react to different stimuli.
191. Read the text below and answer the question: You and your roommate
spent all of last night studying for your psychology test. You think you
know the material; however, you suggest that you study again the next
morning an hour prior to the test. Your roommate asks you to explain why
you think this is a good idea. Question: What do you tell her?
*You remind her about Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve: the information you learn
drops off rapidly with time.
*You know you’re more likely to remember the information learnt in the morning
and science proves it.
*You want to minimize risks and prepare cheat sheets so you have a better
chance of passing the test.
192. Read the text below and answer the question: Jurors place a lot of
weight on eyewitness testimony. Imagine you are an attorney representing
a defendant who is accused of robbing a convenience store. Several
eyewitnesses have been called to testify against your client. Question:
What would you tell the jurors about the reliability of eyewitness
testimony?
*Misinformation effect paradigm holds that after exposure to incorrect
information, a person may misremember the original event, hence, the
eyewitness testimonies might not be entirely accurate.
*The eyewitness testimonies will probably be inaccurate as strong emotions lead
to the creation of weaker memories and therefore, these people will be prone to
forgetting what actually happened at the store.
*Eyewitnesses frequently suffer from anterograde amnesia: they cannot
remember new information and events that happened prior to their injuries or
traumatic experiences that occurred in their life.
193. Read the description below and answer the question: This person is
extremely bright, often relying more on facts than feelings. They prefer to
think in a more logical and analytical way. Question: What is this person’s
emotional type?
*the intellectual
*the empath
*the rock
194. Read the text below and answer the question: Suppose you are
walking in the woods, and you see a grizzly bear. You begin to tremble, and
your heart begins to race. The James-Lange theory proposes that you will
interpret your physical reactions and conclude that you are frightened.
Question: What is your interpretation, according to the theory?
* “I am trembling. Therefore I am afraid.”
* “I’m afraid. Therefore I’m trembling.”
* “I’m experiencing these emotions because of the previous trauma”.
195. Read the text below and answer the question: Ruby is a clever girl, but
she has trouble building relationships with other people. Sometimes she
hurts others’ feelings and doesn’t understand why they are getting
offended. Last month her friend’s (Thomas) uncle died and Ruby didn’t
support Thomas and told him he hadn’t even loved his uncle and always
talked nasty about him. They quarreled and Ruby didn’t understand why,
after all she just had stated facts. Question: What is Ruby’s key obstacle to
making new friends and maintaining relationships with existing ones?
*Ruby has undeveloped emotional intelligence
*Ruby’s IQ is too high for other people
*Ruby is just a very rational straight-forward person
196. Read the text below and answer the question: John has problems at
school: he can’t analyze books, lectures or films, however, he absorbs all
the information and has a magnificent memory. But when he should
conduct experiments or make a conclusion about “pitfalls” of different
works or motives of other people he gets puzzled. Question: What should
John work on developing?
*John needs to work on developing his analytical intelligence.
*John needs to work on getting to know other people more.
*John needs to work on developing his emotional intelligence.
197. Read the question below and select one correct answer: Question:
What is the essence of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking?
*If we were to make a hits list for creativity assessment tests, TTCT most
probably would be the number one. TTCT was developed for research and to
provide a tool that can be used to individualize the instruction.
*If we were to make a hits list for creativity assessment tests, TTCT most
probably would be somewhere in the middle. It is frequently used to measure
creativity but it is not very successful.
*If we were to make a hits list for creativity assessment tests, TTCT most
probably would be one of the last ones. It is commonly used to measure
intelligence, but some researchers use it for creativity assessment.
198. Read the question below and select one correct answer: How do we
cultivate creative thinking?
*Creative thinking cannot be cultivated – it is a skill that we are either born with or
we will never be able to have it at all.
*Creative thinking can be cultivated by regularly practicing creativity in different
situations and in relation to different problems.
*Creative thinking can be cultivated by hard work and constant repetition of the
same routines and procedures.
199. Read the text below and answer the question: David’s brain was
damaged after a car crash. Now David often needs help to reach objects
and can’t define how far they are from him, so his wife helps him to get
things he wants. Question: What brain area was damaged in the car crash?
*Parietal lobe
*Cortex
*Amygdala
200. Read the text and answer the question below: Tina loves listening to
music, because music inspires her to create new stories through images
that she sees in her head at that time. Question: How would you describe
the process that is happening to Tina?
*Auditory mental imagery
*Visual mental imagery
*Imaginative mental imagery
201. Read the text below and answer the question: You are a practicing
psychologist who prefers to focus on the individual and emphasize the
unique personal experience of human nature. You understand the need for
general laws but it’s not something that you pursue in your practice.
Question: What is the name of your approach?
*Nomothetic
*Idiographic
*Psychodynamic
202. Read the text and answer the question: John is in the seventh grade at
school. His parents motivate him with money and gifts. For every good
mark John gets money. Question: How can you explain this situation?
*John associates knowledge with material values. John is sure that knowledge
can be bought and sold.
*John learns with great pleasure and material incentives do not hinder him at all.
*In spite of material incentives John has no desire to go to school.
203. Put these words in order to make a sentence:
1 Maslow's hierarchy
2 of needs is a motivational
3 theory in psychology
4 comprising a five-tier
5 model of human needs,
6 often depicted as hierarchical
7 levels within a pyramid
204. An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements
of parts of a person’s skull is known as ….
*phrenology
*psychology
*physiology
*personality psychology
205. Human … is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally,
physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to
internal and external stimuli throughout their life. It is driven by genetic and
environmental factors that affect an individual.
206. One of the first places image information goes is called visual … one
that is located in the back of the brain.
207. Match the terms with their descriptions:
A. People who like to learn new things and enjoy new experiences usually score
high in …. It includes personality traits like being insightful and imaginative and
having a wide variety of interests.
B. People that have a high degree of … are reliable and prompt. Personality
traits include being organized, methodic, and thorough.
C. … get their energy from interacting with others, while introverts get their
energy from within themselves. This includes the personality traits of energetic,
talkative, and assertive.
D. Openness
E. Conscientiousness
F. Extraversion
208. Choose the right emotional personality types. Select 3 correct
answers:
*the intellectual
*the empath
*the rock
*gregariousness
*assertiveness
209. JIFT is a self-report for …
*5 to 12 years old
*10 years or older
*1-6 graders
210. Arthur Jensen believed that …:
*genetics was solely responsible for intelligence
*environment was solely responsible for intelligence
*intelligence level was determined by race
*IQ tests do not take socioeconomic status into account
211. “V1” is …
*Visual area one
*Visual perception
*Visual processing
212. There also appear to be specific … involved with the process of
memory, such as epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and
acetylcholine.
213. … intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability
to retrieve it.
214. The psychologist who developed active imagination is …
*Carl Jung
*Edward Titchener
*Francis Galton